Real-time scheduling for dynamic workshops with random new job insertions by using deep reinforcement learningSun, Z. Y. (Avtor) Han, W. M. (Avtor) Gao, L. L. (Avtor) real-time schedulingmachine learningdeep reinforcement learningDRLspatial pyramid pooling layerartificial neural networksANNconvolutional neural networksCNNDynamic real-time workshop scheduling on job arrival is critical for effective production. This study proposed a dynamic shop scheduling method integrating deep reinforcement learning and convolutional neural network (CNN). In this method, the spatial pyramid pooling layer was added to the CNN to achieve effective dynamic scheduling. A five-channel, two-dimensional matrix that expressed the state characteristics of the production system was used to capture the state of the real-time production of the workshop. Adaptive scheduling was achieved by using a reward function that corresponds to the minimum total tardiness, and the common production dispatching rules were used as the action space. The experimental results revealed that the proposed algorithm achieved superior optimization capabilities with lower time cost than that of the genetic algorithm and could adaptively select appropriate dispatching rules based on the state features of the production system.Chair of Production Engineering (CPE), University of Maribor Faculty of Mechanical Engineering20232026-02-12 14:40:47Članek v reviji97033slContent from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0). Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.