Approximate, numerical and experimental investigations of a water hammer in Vrhovo bulb-turbine hydroelectric power plantBergant, Anton (Avtor) Pekolj, Jošt (Avtor) hydroelectric power plantbulb turbinewater hammercomputationfield testcomparison studyThis paper investigates the effectiveness and accuracy of approximate and numerical water hammer models in the Slovenian lower Sava River hydroelectric power plants with bulb turbines. An approximate model is introduced first, followed by numerical rigid water hammer models. Comparisons of the computed and measured results are examined for the transient load case of an emergency shutdown in Vrhovo hydroelectric power plant. The water hammer is mitigated by adjusting the guide vane and runner blade closing/opening laws properly. The results show a good agreement between the approximate and numerical and measured results.20252026-02-26 13:54:33Neznano97294sl