The evolution of the understanding of the fundamental rights of undertakings in matters of competition law in the case law of the European UnionBessa Vilela, Noemia (Avtor) Oplotnik, Žan (Avtor) EU competition lawfundamental rightsself-incriminationjudicial reviewdawn raidsprocedural safeguardsThis article examines the evolution of the fundamental rights of undertakings in the enforcement of European Union competition law. Although European Union antitrust proceedings are formally administrative, the severity and deterrent character of competition fines have led both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights to recognize their quasi-criminal nature for the purposes of fundamental rights protection. The study analyses how this hybrid character affects the procedural guarantees available to undertakings, particularly in relation to judicial review, the privilege against selfincrimination, and the protection of business premises during inspections. Through a doctrinal and comparative examination of the case law of the CJEU and the ECtHR, the article identifies areas of convergence and divergence between the two legal orders. It argues that while procedural safeguards have progressively strengthened, significant asymmetries persist, reflecting the continuing tension between effective competition enforcement and the protection of fundamental rights within the EU legal order.20262026-07-30 10:43:19Znanstveno delo99084sl