Bacterial nanocellulose-based composite membranes for fuel cells applicationsZdovc, Sara (Avtor) Hren, Maša (Avtor) Gorgieva, Selestina (Avtor) bacterial nanocelluloseion exchange membraneproton exchange membraneanion exchange membranefuel cellsBacterial nanocellulose (BnC) has shown potential as a suitable biopolymer for the development of sustainable ion exchange membranes (IEMs) for fuel cell (FC) applications. However, native BnC exhibits limited ionic conductivity due to its low charge density, requiring functional modifications to meet the performance demands of FC technologies. Although several reviews have addressed biopolymer-based membranes in general, BnC is typically only briefly mentioned and is often grouped within the broader group of nanocellulose, without a systematic focus on its role as an ion-conducting matrix. In response, this review provides a detailed and critical overview of recent advances in the development, modification, and application of BnC-based proton exchange membranes (PEMs) and anion exchange membranes (AEMs). The review highlights natural (e.g. lignin, fucoidan) and synthetic (e.g. Nafion®, PSSA, AMPS, PMACC, polymeric ionic liquids) additives used to enhance the ionic conductivity, selectivity, and durability of membranes. Key topics discussed include membrane structure, ion transport mechanisms, electrochemical performance in membrane electrode assemblies (MEA), and comparisons with commercial synthetic IEMs. This review examines the effect of BnC-based membrane composition on properties relevant to FC applications, while emphasising that BnC is an environmentally friendly and economically viable alternative to synthetic IEMs for next-generation FC systems.Elsevier20262025-12-19 10:13:23Članek v reviji96333UDK: 677.46:620.3COBISS_ID: 262172163DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.239045ISSN pri članku: 1873-2755sl