20.500.12556/DKUM-100064 Visual attention and perceived workload of e-scooter riders across selected urban route conditions Understanding how selected urban route conditions are associated with e-scooter riders’ visual attention and perceived workload can support human-factor evaluation of micromobility environments. This study examines visual attention and perceived workload during real-world e-scooter riding across three selected urban routes in Zagreb with different infrastructure and traffic-environment characteristics. A field-based experimental methodology was used, integrating eye-tracking with post-ride perceived workload assessment through the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) questionnaire. Twenty-eight adults, predominantly novice or occasional e-scooter riders, completed the three selected routes. Visual attention and perceived workload were examined across the selected routes; because only one route represented each route condition, the findings are interpreted as route-level evidence rather than general infrastructure-type effects. One-way repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed that route condition had a significant effect on mean fixation duration and on the weighted NASA-TLX workload score, indicating that riders’ visual attention and perceived workload varied across the examined routes. To further examine these route-related differences, linear mixed-effects models were used as supporting analyses with participant ID as a random intercept. The results showed that R2 was associated with lower weighted workload than R1, while R3 was associated with higher weighted workload than R1. The route-complexity index was retained as an exploratory route-level descriptor rather than a validated continuous predictor. These findings highlight the importance of considering combined route, infrastructure, and traffic-environment characteristics when planning safer micromobility environments and developing appropriate regulations for e-scooter use. They also provide preliminary route-level human-factor evidence that can support future micromobility route evaluation and the development of human-centred guidance for infrastructure planning and e-scooter regulation. e-scooter riding eye-tracking visual attention perceived workload sustainable micromobility vožnja e-skiroja sledenje pogledu vizualna pozornost zaznana obremenitev trajnostna mikromobilnost true false true Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Članek v reviji 2026-09-03 15:11:41 2026-09-03 15:11:42 2026-09-04 03:08:41 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2026 0 0 str. 1-22 št. 17, št. članka 8851 Letn. 18 Sep. 2026 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 2026-07-14 2026-08-26 2026-09-01 656.1 289955843 10.3390/su18178851 2071-1050 RAZ_Rizehbandi_Shirin_2026.pdf RAZ_Rizehbandi_Shirin_2026.pdf 1 D162B17E0B78C9DD15337C0AF37F8633 486b8eb431f8c95f008fcc1779992da507b2c07cb939299d717ee51a5568f919 38c1407b-a799-11f1-b55d-00155d0001be https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=211432 https://doi.org/10.3390/su18178851 0 02001e2f-a799-11f1-b55d-00155d0001be https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=211431 Fakulteta za logistiko 0 0 0