20.500.12556/DKUM-100117 Two-step extraction of pumpkin seed oil with supercritical CO2 and subcritical propane: the yield, kinetics and profile of fatty acids the yield, kinetics and profile of fatty acids Pumpkin seed oil is oil rich in oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids fatty. In our study, a two-stage extraction method has been used to encourage a higher yield and the quality of the oil. The first step was carried out with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) in the pressure range from 200 bar to 800 bar and temperatures of 40 °C and 60 °C. For the second step subcritical propane was used, at a pressure of 50 bar and 100 bar, and the same temperatures that were used previously for the first step of scCO2 extraction. The extraction kinetics were modelled using Brunner’s semi-empirical approach, which showed good agreement with the experimental data (R² > 0.97), confirming its suitability for both solvents. The combination of both extraction steps increased the overall yield, with the highest value of 45.3% obtained within the investigated pressure range (200–800 bar) at conditions of 600 bar and 60 °C (scCO₂) and 100 bar and 60 °C (propane). An analysis of the fatty acids (FA) by gas chromatography (GC) showed a stable fatty acid profile dominated by oleic acid (up to 48.56%), followed by linoleic acid. The second extraction step with propane enabled recovery of the residual oil remaining in the matrix successfully after the scCO₂ extraction. The presented integrated approach demonstrates that sequential application of environmentally friendly solvents can increase the overall recovery of pumpkin seed oil while providing solvent-free extracts with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. supercritical CO2 extraction proprane extraction Brunner model fatty acid chromatography superkritična ekstrakcija propran kromatografija true false true Elsevier B.V. Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/the-journal-of-supercritical-fluids © 2026 The Authors Članek v reviji 2026-09-04 12:21:32 2026-09-04 12:21:32 2026-09-05 03:09:30 0000-00-00 00:00:00 2027 0 0 12 str. [article no.] 107105 Vol. 239 Jan. 2027 0000-00-00 Zaloznikova Objavljeno apc 2026-03-27 2026-07-29 2026-08-07 66.02 288999939 10.1016/j.supflu.2026.107105 1872-8162 1-s2.0-S0896844626002214-main.pdf 1-s2.0-S0896844626002214-main.pdf 1 C104CBB16317CA2690CF765E82A9FA80 95eb4bd9ea98733974dd3564e4c34c5b4520f7b1f0159954989e403af187886f c310e5ae-a84a-11f1-b9ca-00155d0001be https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=211570 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0