20.500.12556/DKUM-11101 Tehnično tehnološki parametri racionalizacije upravljanja železniških tras Technical and technological aspects for rationalization of train path management Skupni evropski proces liberalizacije trga prometnih storitev in zagotavljanje prostega pristopa do železniške infrastrukture sta v železniškem sektorju povzročila izjemno velike spremembe. Iz nekdanjih monopolnih državnih železnic so nastali nacionalnih upravljavci železniške infrastrukture in ločena železniška prometna podjetja s svojimi novimi tržno naravnanimi cilji, ki zahtevajo bistveno drugačne procese prometnega planiranja in upravljanja z železniško infrastrukturo. Evropska unija že od svojega nastanka dalje podpira in pospešuje učinkovitost in konkurenčnost skupnega evropskega trga, kar poskuša doseči s popolnim odprtjem nacionalnih mej, sprejetimi administrativnimi ukrepi in popolno ekonomsko integracijo vseh svojih članic. Izjemno pomembno vlogo v tem procesu pa imajo transportni sistemi, ki morajo poleg svoje zanesljivosti in učinkovitosti biti tudi socialno in okoljsko naravnani. V tako postavljenih izhodiščih organizacije transportne dejavnosti pa pridejo prednosti železnice do polnega izraza, kar je prepoznala tudi EU. Za uresničitev in izpolnitev navedenih aktivnosti je komisija EU postopno sprejemala ustrezne pravne akte (t.i. železniške pakete v obliki direktiv, ki so prevoznikom zagotovile transparentno in nediskriminatorno obravnavo ter omogočile prosti pristop do železniške infrastrukture), določila ustrezne regulatorne organe (za zagotavljanje nadzora s pravico odločanja v sporu) ter uzakonila zavezo njihove obvezne implementacije v nacionalno zakonodajo (določila direktiv je treba uvesti v nacionalne zakone in podzakonske akte). S tem je določen pravni okvir za izpeljavo reforme železniškega sektorja na nacionalnem nivoju. Sprejem teh določil pa je pri članicah EU zahteval reformo integriranih nacionalnih železniških podjetij, ki morajo poslovati po načelih konkurenčnosti in kapitala ter svojo organizacijo prilagoditi mednarodnemu poslovanju. Vsem tem novim usmeritvam pa morajo slediti tudi upravljavci železniške infrastrukture, njihova glavna naloga pa je učinkovito upravljanje in trženje železniške infrastrukture. V samem procesu načrtovanja in izvajanja storitev pa je treba poleg upravljavcev železniške infrastrukture in prevoznikov upoštevati tudi potrebe ostalih podjetij, ki so udeležena v železniškem prometnem procesu, kot npr. privatni operaterji, špediterji, luke, industrija ter izvajalci vzdrževanja železniške infrastrukture. Te aktivnosti se izvajajo tudi v Sloveniji, vendar se kljub članstvu v EU srečujemo še z dodatnimi problemi. Poleg zelo slabega stanja železniške infrastrukture smo edini v tem delu Evrope, ki imamo še integrirano organizacijo železniškega podjetja. V teh pogojih pa je vodenje podjetja po načelih konkurenčnosti in kapitala izjemno oteženo, saj še vedno prevladujejo politični parcialni interesi, na sprejem poslovnih odločitev pa ima velik vpliv tudi večje število reprezentativnih železniških sindikatov. Dejstvo je, da je železniška infrastruktura v državah EU pretežno v državni lasti, ta pa z njo slabo gospodari. Če želi železnica konkurirati ostalim prometnim nosilcem, morajo tako upravljavci železniške infrastrukture kot prevozniki uvesti tržno podjetniško miselnost in izboljšati kvaliteto svojih storitev. Osnovni tržni produkt železniške infrastrukture je njena vlakovna pot oz. trasa. Za zagotovitev učinkovitega in konkurenčnega mednarodnega železniškega prometa pa morajo upravljavci železniške infrastrukture vzpostaviti nove procese upravljanja infrastrukturnih kapacitet in izvajanja železniškega prometa, ki temeljijo na nediskriminatornih, standardiziranih in harmoniziranih rešitvah. V magistrskem delu so raziskani in analizirani najpomembnejši tehnično tehnološki dejavniki upravljanja tras, kjer prevladuje zagotavljanje in načrtovanje tras, priprava voznega reda, trženje in prodaja tras, sodobna orodja IT ter ekonomski instrument uporabnina. The common European policy of market liberalization in the sphere of transport services and free access to railway infrastructure brought significant changes in railway sector. Previously state-owned monopoly railway transformed into national railway infrastructure managers and separated rail transport companies with their new, market-oriented goals, requiring essentially different procedures for transport planning and railway infrastructure management. From the beginning of its foundation the European Union supports the effectiveness and competitiveness of the common European market through opening national borders, undertaking administrative measures and facilitating full economic integration of its all member states. The transport system has a profound importance in that process: along with its reliability and effectiveness it has to meet also highlighted demands for socially and environmentally oriented services. In that overall context of organizing transport activities the advantages of railway transport over other means of transportation are obvious. That fact is acknowledged also by the EU. For realization and enforcement of the mentioned activities the EU Commission gradually adopts appropriate legislative enactments (i.e. Rail Packages, as directives, enabling transparent, non-discriminatory practices and free access to railway infrastructure for operators), establishes regulatory authorities (for assuring control with decision-making power in case of disputable matters), as well as legalizes the obligation for their implementation in the national legislation (the legal provisions have to be introduced to national legislative acts and executive regulations). The mentioned measures form the legislative framework for execution of reforms in the rail transport sector at the national level. The adopted provisions demand reforms from the EU member states, in particular the integrated national rail companies have to operate in accordance with the commercial principles and international standards. The railway infrastructure managers are also required to follow the new directions, which emphasize effective execution and rail infrastructure marketing in the first place. In the processes of planning and service implementation it is necessary to consider the needs of rail infrastructure managers, as well as the requirements of the other participants of rail traffic (for example, private operators, forwarding agents, ports, industry and rail infrastructure maintenance operators). Though these activities are being implemented also in Slovenia, however, in spite of EU membership, there are additional obstacles. Along with poor conditions of the rail infrastructure, the country is the only one in Europe with integrated railway company structure. In this context the realization of commercial principles based on competitiveness is a real challenge. Besides, the influence of powerful political interests and pressure groups (such as several trade-unions) on decision-making processes is difficult to underestimate. In fact, the railway infrastructure in the EU is mainly state-owned, with quite poor management. To become more effective in a highly competitive transport sphere the rail infrastructure managers and transport operators have to adopt market-oriented mentality and improve the quality of provided services. The main commercial product of the rail infrastructure is the train path. To insure effective and competitive international rail traffic the railway infrastructure managers have to introduce new practices for infrastructure capacities management, as well as implement rail traffic, based on non-discriminatory, standardized and harmonized solutions. The current paper will analyze the most significant technical and technological aspects of train path management, which involves insuring and planning the paths, preparation of timetables, marketing and sales of the paths, modern IT tools and railway infrastructure charge. Besides, some other important factors are discussed, such as international and nati Mednarodni železniški promet pomembni tehnično tehnološki dejavniki upravljanja železniških tras upravljanje in vodenje železniškega prometa upravljavec infrastrukture liberalizacija trga transportnih storitev v EU intreroperabilnost naročanje in dodeljevanje tras inovativne rešitve zaračunavanje uporabnine nacionalni OneStopShop definiranje in ocenitev tržno operativnih aktivnosti in postopkov upravljanja tras pri izbranih upravljavcih infrastrukture International railway traffic Significant technical and tehnological aspects of train path management Railway management and traffic managing process Infrastructure manager Liberalization of EU transport market Interoperability Path ordering and allocation Innovative rail solution Infrastructure charging methods National OneStopShop Defining and evaluation market-oriented activities and processes in train path management among chosen infrastructure managers. true true false M. Pirnar] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo 2009-06-30 14:53:24 2010-08-06 13:14:29 2022-04-11 23:30:13 2022-04-17 03:30:31 2009 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 656.223 13401622 URN:SI:UM:DK:TV3SKWKG MAG_Pirnar_Miran_2009.pdf MAG_Pirnar_Miran_2009.pdf 1 E5638088F092DD16EA2FFBF9D65D55B0 8ffe21c02572d1cb4389c768c5e8130d644dd7ed722f67d815514963fc263d01 05fdfa9a-7c03-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/6b45ece0-2b76-4ce0-baca-80a487183161 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=9665 Fakulteta za gradbeništvo, prometno inženirstvo in arhitekturo 0 0 0