20.500.12556/DKUM-12079 NEPOSREDNE TUJE NALOŽBE V SLOVENIJI IN EU FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN SLOVENIA AND EU Glavna skrb vseh mednarodnih vlagateljev je varstvo neposrednih tujih naložb (NTN). Prepričani morajo biti v to, da jim bo njihova naložba povrnila ves pričakovan dohodek. Da pa lahko razumemo varstvo NTN, je najprej potrebno razumeti kaj NTN sploh so. NTN so vse naložbe iz tujine z namenom kontrolirati ciljno družbo, pri čemer vlagateljev kontrolni delež presega 10% pravic v ciljni družbi. Ta 10% prag je določen zato, da lahko od neposrednih tujih vlagateljev ločimo portfelij vlagatelje, katerih namen ni kontrolirati družbe ali na kakršenkoli drug način aktivno sodelovati v družbi kot delničarji ali družbeniki. Varovanje NTN sestavljata dva bistvena dela: razlastitev ('taking') in uprava ('red tape'). Razlastitev je najnevarnejša oblika vsiljevanja države-gostiteljice v pravico tujega vlagatelja. Torej, če želi biti država prepoznavna kot privlačna država za NTN, mora slediti standardu, po katerem je razlastitev mogoča le zaradi zelo omejenih razlogov v javnem interesu, proti plačilu in samo proti nadomestilu. Ta kriterij zpolnjujeta obe, Slovenija in Nemčija. Država mora zaščititi neposredne tuje vlagatelje pred posredno razlastitvijo. To pomeni, da mora država-gostiteljica predpisati ustrezne ukrepe, ki bodo učinkovito preprečili sitnosti in izgon vlagateljev iz države samo zaradi neprimernega birokratskega in neprijateljskega pristopa celotne uprave. Takšna neprijateljska pravila so lahko v obliki zaviralnih upravnih ukrepov ali pa v obliki nezadostnega ali delnega sodnega varstva. Dejstvo, da je Slovenija, v preteklosti tudi Nemčija, dosegla visoko stopnjo varstva NTN na vseh področjih. Zadostna zaščita NTN obstaja, ne samo na področju lastnine, ampak tudi na področju intelektualne lastnine, pri davkih, skupnem nadzoru in reševanju sporov. The protection of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the main concern of all international investors. They need to know if their investment will be repaid with all expected proceeds. In order to understand the protection of FDI, it should be first noted what in fact FDI are. FDI are all investment from abroad with the purpose to control the target company and whereby the investor's share in the target company's equity exceeds 10 percent. The threshold of 10 percent is set in order to differentiate FDI from portfolio investors, which do not intend to control the company or in any other way actively participate as shareholders. Protection of FDI consists of two main parts – expropriation ('taking') and administration ('red tape'). Expropriation is the most dangerous form of intrusion of the host country into the right of foreign investor. Therefore, if the country wishes to be recognized as a FDI friendly country, it has to follow the standard that expropriation may be done only in very limited occasions in public interest and against prompt and just compensation. Both Slovenia and Germany fulfill this criterion. Furthermore, the country has to protect FDI investors from creeping expropriation also. This means that a set of measures must be made by the host country that shall effectively prevent substantial nuisance and finally drive investors out of the country only due to bureaucratic of unfriendly approach of the entire administration. Such non-friendly measures can be in form of administrative obstructive measures or in the form of non-sufficient or partial court protection. It is a fact that Slovenia and, in the past also Germany have achieved a very good level of protection of FDI in all areas. Sufficient protection of FDI exists not only in the area of ownership protection, but also in the area of intellectual property, corporate governance, taxation and dispute settlement. neposredna tuja naložba Slovenija Nemčija tuji vlagatelj investicijska klima prevzem razlastitev nacionalizacija korporacija in repatriacija. foreign direct investment Slovenia Germany foreign investor investment climate acquisition expropriation nacionalization corporation and repatriation. true true false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2009-10-04 12:12:51 2023-02-21 09:41:48 2023-02-22 03:12:34 2023-02-23 03:07:23 2009 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 3967531 URN:SI:UM:DK:OKXVG3R0 UNI_Sever_Zivana_2009.pdf UNI_Sever_Zivana_2009.pdf 1 3C66ACCBA1BFA8F05228A15CCDE9885F f025fc7e989d2966318bae200fa9b0cc64b77a8e268671bbda6fe860ddd1a668 4f334e10-7c03-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=11348 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0