20.500.12556/DKUM-13400 TEMPERATURA ČLOVEŠKEGA TELESA THE TEMPERATURE OF HUMAN BODY POVZETEK Termoregulacijski center človeškega telesa deluje kot termostat, ki zmanjšuje ali povečuje produkcijo metabolične toplote. Pri temperaturah zunanjega okolja okoli 30 °C se zmanjša temperaturni gradient med okoljem in površino kože, s čimer se zmanjša tudi gradient med jedrom ter lupino človeškega telesa. Oddajanje toplote s prevajanjem in sevanjem je premalo, zato nastopi oddajanje z znojenjem. Visoka relativna vlaga ovira oddajanje toplote z izhlapevanjem znoja. Posledica nezadostnega oddajanja toplote pa je naraščanje notranje temperature, ki zmanjšuje posameznikovo zmogljivost. Človeško telo oddaja toploto predvsem na tri načine, in sicer s sevanjem, s toplotnim prevajanjem in izhlapevanjem znoja ali vode. Kot vsa ogreta telesa tudi organizem oddaja elektromagnetne valove ali pa jih sprejema s sevanjem, vse to pa se dogaja zaradi njegove temperature. V stiku s kožo se zrak v okolici ohlaja ali segreva s toplotnim prevajanjem — kondukcijo. S kondukcijo se toplota odvaja s kože samo takrat, ko je okolje hladnejše od nje, medtem ko se med izhlapevanjem vode in znoja s telesnega površja telo vedno ohlaja in toplota se izrabi kot izparilna toplota za vodo. Te izgube lahko uravnavamo z manjšo in večjo toplotno izolacijo. ABSTRACT Thermoregulatory centre of the human body acts as a thermostat that lowers or increases the production of metabolic heat. At the temperature of the outside environment around 30°C the temperature gradient between the environment and the skin surface lowers, and due to the same reason the gradient between the core and the shell of the human body lowers as well. Heat release with conduction and radiation is too low, therefore, heat release with sweating occurs. High relative humidity obstructs the release of heat with sweat evaporation. The result of the insufficient heat release is the rising of inner temperature which lowers the individual’s efficiency. Human body releases heat in three important ways: by radiation, heat conduction and sweat or water evaporation. As all heated bodies the human organism gives away electromagnetic waves as well accepts them with radiation; all this happens due to the temperature. In contact with the skin the air in the surroundings cools or heats with heat conduction. With conduction the heat dissipates from the skin only when the environment is cooler than the skin; meanwhile the body always cools down during evaporation of water and sweat from the body surface and the heat is used as evaporation heat for water. These losses can be regulated with lower or higher heat insulation. Ključne besede: telesna temperatura toplota energija metabolizem sevanje izhlapevanje. body temperature heat energy metabolism radiation evaporation true true false [S. Brdnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-03-11 18:24:46 2010-04-13 11:09:40 2022-04-12 11:09:27 2023-12-16 03:12:26 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 53(043.2) 17534216 URN:SI:UM:DK:4QHLL2ZB VS_Brdnik_Simona_2010.pdf VS_Brdnik_Simona_2010.pdf 1 C71E14B00CD302829DE28D9AE925B0DA d7a0c71c2cb9012854bf13a99913fbf480cdd7d72a884ac0f0dfdcc8270ecbec e544db03-7c03-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/e6b69c13-f68e-4a76-afdf-b7824d99758c https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=13532 Pedagoška fakulteta 0 0 0