20.500.12556/DKUM-13636 ODSTOTKI V 5. RAZREDU PERCENTAGES IN THE 5TH GRADE Diplomska naloga z naslovom Odstotki v 5. razredu predstavlja v teoretičnem delu vertikalno pot poučevanja izražanja deležev in razmerij od delov celote do odstotkov, kakršno zahteva učni načrt za matematiko. V nadaljevanju so prikazani izsledki raziskav, na katerih temelji pouk v tujih državah. Opisan je model poučevanja, po katerem se učenci seznanijo z odstotki že v 5. razredu devetletne osnovne šole. Model temelji na intuitivnem znanju, izhajajočem iz življenjskih izkušenj učencev. Namen in cilj diplomske naloge je ugotoviti, kakšno je tovrstno znanje odstotkov med slovenskimi petošolci. Zanimalo nas je, ali so le-ti res sposobni smiselno usvojiti koncept odstotkov, ne da bi se jih že prej formalno naučili pri uri matematike. V ta namen je bila izvedena raziskava, v katero je bilo vključenih 107 petošolcev iz treh različnih osnovnih šol. Rezultati te raziskave so prikazani v empiričnem delu, kjer so obdelani glede na stratum osnovne šole, subjektivno oceno znanja matematike, oceno zadnje kontrolne naloge pri matematiki in glede na izkušnje učiteljev 4. razredov. Iz pridobljenih podatkov lahko strnemo glavne ugotovitve, ki pa so: učenci dokaj dobro razumejo kvalitativni pomen odstotkov, znajo zapisati grafično predstavljene dele celote z odstotki, odstotke razložijo s polovicami, odstotke predstavijo z različnimi modeli, pri čemer je uporaba merljivega modela tista, ki najverjetneje vodi v pravilno predstavitev, uporaba diskretnega pa v napačno. My diploma work with the title Percentages in the 5th grade presents in its theoretical part the vertical way of teaching the manner of parts and proportions from the parts of the whole to percentages, as it is stated in the maths curriculum. In continuation the results of researches are shown, on which lessons in foreign countries are based. A teaching model is described, which is the basis for teaching 5th grade pupils of primary schools percentages. The model is based on the intuitive knowledge, arising from life experiences of the pupils. The purpose and the goal of my diploma work is to find out, how is the knowledge of percentages of this kind among Slovene 5th grade pupils. I was interested if they are really capable logically to understand the concept of percentages without previous formal learning during maths lessons. A research was carried out in which 107 5th grade pupils from three different primary schools were included. The results of this research are shown in the empirical part where they are classified according to the primary school, subjective evaluation of the maths knowledge, the mark of the last maths test and according to the experience of the 4th grade teachers. From the won data I can sum the following statements: Pupils have a pretty good understanding of the qualitative meaning of percentages, They are able to graphically put down the particular parts of the whole with percentages, They explain percentages with halves, They present percentages with different models, whereby the measuring model is probably the one which leads to the correct presentation, and the discrete model probably to the incorrect one. deli celote ulomki decimalna števila odstotki peti razred. parts of the whole fractions decimals percentages fifth grade. true true false [I. Rajtman] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-04-07 20:46:38 2010-04-22 12:11:12 2022-04-12 11:21:50 2023-12-16 03:23:38 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 37(043.2) 17551112 URN:SI:UM:DK:1GZOU4HF UNI_Rajtman_Inga_2010.pdf UNI_Rajtman_Inga_2010.pdf 1 754E2D56130239C3F0D654B10C7B294E 80b4b0375b53dc0208804b662e48e1e5a176c39bed6d9ade2b62412ee09496e8 f45a1872-7c03-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/289b02bf-3eb3-470f-88ea-c884a84e7de1 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=13961 Pedagoška fakulteta 0 0 0