20.500.12556/DKUM-14029 Language acquisition in children Usvajanje jezika pri otrocih Aimed at language acquisition in children, its basic requirements and stages, this diploma paper focuses on how language acquisition is looked upon from several language acquisition theories. It sets out to examine Chomskian theories of language innateness and provides us with the answer that language learning is not something a child does, but is something that happens to a child placed in an appropriate environment. Further on, it provides an explanation of Chomskian and Skinner's theories of language acquisition with the purpose of enlightening their standings regarding acquisition of language. In order to defend Chomsky's opinion that successful language acquisition needs the interaction between innate features and child's language environment, a juxtaposition of two dominant theories of language acquisition follows; nativism of Noam Chomsky and behaviourism of B. F. Skinner. The sampled materials defend Chomsky's thesis that humans are born biologically equipped to learn a language, and explain his theory of Language Acquisition Device (LAD) - an inborn mechanism or process that facilitates the learning of language. On the other hand, Skinner easily explains that the child simply "imitates" adults; when the child is positively reinforced it performs a good imitation, and when negatively reinforced - a poor imitation. But there are some very convincing arguments which tell us that children do not just imitate adults' speech. Chomsky argues that there is more to language learning than imitation and reinforcement. Children acquire language easily although the input they receive is scarce, and despite the complexity and abstract character of language. This is fascinating if we consider the fact that they acquire language to a great extent at the age of three, when their cognitive development does not enable them to deal with other demanding tasks. In my opinion, the innateness of language competence is the answer to the question how this miraculous achievement is possible. Namen diplomske naloge je predstaviti usvajanje jezika pri otrocih, osnovne pogoje in stopnje le-tega in razložiti Chomskyijev pogled na jezikovno prirojenost in njegovo prepričanje, da učenje jezika ni nekaj, kar bi se otrok naučil, ampak da se mu enostavno zgodi na poti v razvoju v za to primernem socialnem okolju. Temu sledi razlaga Chomskyijeve in Skinnerjeve teorije o usvajanju jezika z namenom, da se poudarijo njuna različna pogleda na ta proces. Diplomska naloga je tako osredotočena na glavni teoriji o usvajanju jezika. Da bi lahko zagovarjala Chomskyijev pogled, ki trdi, da je za uspešno usvajanje jezika potrebna interakcija med prirojenimi danostmi za usvajanje jezika in otrokovim jezikovnim okoljem, zoperstavljam dve teoriji. To sta dve prevladujoči teoriji: Chomskyijev nativizem in Skinnerjev behaviorizem. Zbrani podatki govorijo v prid Chomskyijevi tezi, torej temu, da se ljudje rodimo biološko opremljeni za učenje jezika in razložijo njegovo teorijo o mehanizmu za usvajanje jezika - vrojen mehanizem oziroma proces, ki omogoča učenje jezika. Na drugi strani pa Skinner, ki mu Chomsky odločno nasprotuje, preprosto razlaga, da se otroci učijo jezik skozi posnemanje govorice odraslih. Pri tem pa so pozitivno nagrajeni za pravilne odgovore in kaznovani za nepravilne oziroma neprimerne odgovore. Vendar pa Chomsky poda kar lepo število prepričljivih argumentov, ki trdijo, da gre pri usvajanju in učenju jezika za več kot samo spodbudo in posnemanje govora odraslih. Otroci se jezika naučijo hitro in zlahka kljub temu, da je input, ki so mu izpostavljeni, nezadosten, in kljub kompleksnosti in abstraktnosti njegovega ustroja, za katerega si je težko predstavljati, da ga otrok v veliki meri osvoji že pri starosti treh let, ko kognitivno še ni dovolj razvit za druge naloge. Moje mnenje je, da je to mogoče pojasniti le s prirojenostjo jezikovnih sposobnosti. jezik vrojen vrojenost pridobivanje jezika mehanizem za usvajanje jezika jezikovna zmožnost univerzalna slovnica language innate innateness language acquisition language acquisition device language faculty Universal Grammar true true false [U. Kurmanšek] Angleški jezik Slovenski jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-05-20 12:56:44 2010-07-13 13:58:09 2023-09-08 15:01:18 2023-12-17 03:11:55 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 811.111(043.2) 17765128 URN:SI:UM:DK:DNKWMMP2 UNI_Kurmansek_Urska_2010.pdf UNI_Kurmansek_Urska_2010.pdf 1 530CCBB8CC8E8C5D55B1D5ACB99DA1A8 a16d9824a9396d37d853530f557e0979670c511d0cc78638338e1359735808d4 0dc671f1-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/acd7cc12-3059-40fc-8c13-f178eb9f6129 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=14668 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0