20.500.12556/DKUM-14248 MIGRACIJSKI TOKOVI V DUHU REFORM POKOJNINSKEGA SISTEMA MIGRATION FLOWS IN SPIRIT OF REFORMS OF PENSION SYSTEM Družbena solidarnost je osnovno načelo evropskih pokojninskih sistemov, ki so bili grajeni na ugodnejših okoliščinah. Zaradi neugodnih trendov je medgeneracijska solidarnost okrnjena, pomen individualne odgovornosti pa se veča. Racionalizacija pokojninskih sistemov predvideva nove načine financiranja le-teh, predvideva ukrepe za obvladovanje in omejevanje potrošnje sredstev javne blagajne. Evropa se stara. Struktura prebivalstva se, zaradi manjše stopnje rodnosti in daljše življenjske dobe, spreminja. Število starega prebivalstva v evropskih državah se bo do leta 2060 podvojilo. Koeficient starostne odvisnosti bo padel na 2 proti 1. Delež potrošnje, povezane s staranjem, pa bo v povprečju v posamezni članici EU do leta 2060 narasel za 2,3 odstotkov BDP. Najvišje izdatke lahko pričakujejo Luksemburg, Slovenija, Ciper in Romunija. Migracije postajajo ena od strateški prioritet zunanje politike EU. Migracijski tokovi bodo manjšali demografske pritiske in reševali problem pomanjkanja delovne sile. Za dosego ciljev mobilnosti delovne sile, fleksibilnosti trgov dela in želje postati družba znanja bodo države Evropske unije morale vzpostaviti skupno migracijsko politiko. Modra karta je delno realizirana ideja o skupni migracijski shemi. Njeni cilji so povečati geografsko in poklicno mobilnost, privlačiti in obdržati visoko izobraženo delovno silo tretjih držav in harmonizirati postopke na ravni EU. Social solidarity is the fundamental principle of European social security systems, which were developed in more favourable economic conditions. Current unfavourable conditions reduce the extent of intergenerational solidarity and stress the importance of individual responsibility. The rationalisation of pension systems includes new methods of their financing as well as the measures to control and to restrict public expenditure. European population is ageing. Low fertility rates and increased life expectancy have been causing changes in the population structure. It is expected that by 2060 the number of elderly population in Europe will have doubled. Consequently, the old-age dependency ratio is expected to drop to 2 to 1 and the average EU age-related public spending is likely to increase by 2.3 per cent of individual member state’s GDP in the same period. The highest expenditure rates are expected in Luxembourg, Slovenia, Cyprus and Romania. Migration has become one of the strategic priorities of the EU’s foreign policy as migrations can ease demographic pressures and can be the solution to labour force deficit in Europe. The European Union member states will have to establish a common migration policy so as to achieve their goals related to the increased rates of labour mobility and labour market flexibility and to turn Europe into a knowledge society. The adoption of the EU Blue Card supports the idea of common migration policy implementation. The main objectives of Blue Card introduction are to enhance geographical and professional mobility, to attract and retain highly-educated workforce from third countries and to harmonise the entry and employment procedures at the EU level. pokojninski sistem Evropska unija migracije trg dela pension system European Union migrations labour market true true false [A. Mrða Kovačič] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Delo diplomskega seminarja/zaključno seminarsko delo/naloga 2010-06-02 19:33:50 2010-11-16 11:58:31 2022-04-12 11:51:44 2023-12-17 03:30:18 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 331.5 10416924 URN:SI:UM:DK:IQR0P2AJ UNI_Mrda_Kovacic_Anja_2010.pdf UNI_Mrda_Kovacic_Anja_2010.pdf 1 A22417F3D491147D7607AF9C08BE7F7E fb8caf56978ce93a22dfa19443a8f90fa3f37ea94530d94373ab2c671b1b4c92 1c57d941-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/1fbdc569-9e92-4136-97fe-d7e7853a32da https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=15218 Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta 0 0 0