20.500.12556/DKUM-15929 KLOR IN KLOROVE SPOJINE CHLORINE AND CHLORINE COMPOUNDS Klor je rumenozelen plin, ki se nahaja v 3. periodi VII. skupine periodnega sistema. Klor je dvoatomna molekula, kjer sta atoma povezana z nepolarno kovalentno vezjo. Leta 1810 ga je odkril znani angleški kemik Humphy Davy. Klor je izredno nevaren halogen, saj že v zelo majhnih koncentracijah draži sluznico. Prav zaradi svoje nevarnosti je bil v času prve svetovne vojne uporabljen kot bojni strup. Je zelo reaktiven in izpodriva brom in jod iz njunih spojin z vodikom in s kovinami. Zlasti burno reagira z alkalijskimi in zemeljsko-alkalijskimi kovinami ter z arzenom, antimonom in bizmutom. V vsakdanjem življenju s z njim srečujemo v čistilih, PVC vrečkah, papirju, pitni vodi, nahaja pa se tudi v vodi plavalnih bazenov. V naravi se nahaja le vezan, prostega ni. Klor pridobivamo na dva načina, poznamo industrijsko ter laboratorijsko pridobivanje. Industrijsko se klor danes pridobiva izključno z elektrolizo koncentrirane raztopine NaCl, laboratorijsko pa s kalijevim manganatom (VII) (KMnO4), z manganovim dioksidom (MnO2) in s klorovim apnom CaCl(ClO). Klorova (VII) kislina HClO4 (perklorna kislina) je najmočnejša klorova oksokislina. Brezvodna je slabo viskozna in eksplozivna, delno razredčena je viskozna oljnata tekočina, ta je mnogo bolj obstojna. Klorova (V) kislina HClO3 je razmeroma močna kislina, obstojna je v vodni raztopini do največ 30% koncentracije. Klorova (III) kislina HClO2 (klorasta kislina) je šibka kislina, v vodnih raztopinah razpada in je oksidant. Klorova (I) kislina HClO (hipoklorasta kislina) je šibka kislina. HClO razpade pod vplivom sončne svetlobe in oddaja kisik, je močan oksidant. Chlorine is a yellow–green gas, which can be found in 3rd period in group VII of the periodic table. Chlorine is a two-atom molecule, where two atoms are bond with non- polar covalent bond. It was discovered by the English chemist Humphy Davy in year 1810. Chlorine is an extremely harmful halogene, because even small amounts irritate mucous membrane. Due to the high level of risk, it was used in the First World War for chemical warfare. It is reactive and supplants bromine and iodine from their comporriuos with hydrogen and metal. It reacts extremely violently with alkali and alkaline earth metal and also arsenic antimony and bismuth. In everyday life we can find it in cleaning products, PVC bags, paper, and drinking water and also in the water of swimming pools. In nature it is only bound, not free. Chlorine can be isolated with two methods, with industrial or laboratory methods. Industrially the chlorine is produced exclusively by the electrolyses of a concentrated solution of NaCl, and in laboratory with potassium manganese (VII) (KMnO4), manganese dioxide (MnO2) and with chlorine lime (CaCl(ClO)). Chlorine (VII) acid HClO4 (perehloric) is the strongest chlorine oxoacid. Without water it is very sparingly viscid and explosive, inaqueous solutions it is viscid, oily fluid, which is much more stable. Chlorine (V) acid HClO3 is fairly strong acid; it is stable in water solution up to 30% concentration. Chlorine (III) acid HClO2 (chlorous acid) is a weak acid, it disintegrates in water solution and it is an oxidant. Chlorine (I) acid HClO (hypochlorous acid) is a weak acid. HClO decomposes under the sun light and emits oxygen, it is a strong oxidant. Deskriptorji: halogeni elementi klor Klorova (VII) kislina HClO4 Klorova (V) kislina HClO3 Klorova (III) kislina HClO2 Klorova (I) kislina HClO Descriptors: halogene Chlorine Chlorine (VII) acid HClO4 Chlorine (V) acid HClO3 Chlorine (III) acid HClO2 Chlorine (I) acid HClO true true false [K. Pušnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-09-24 16:01:45 2021-02-03 15:07:35 2024-12-06 03:20:49 2024-12-07 03:08:29 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 546.13(043.2) 17831688 URN:SI:UM:DK:W6NR7PRH UNI_Pusnik_Katja_2010.pdf UNI_Pusnik_Katja_2010.pdf 1 A6514914EE77AABA7B9FEE8EA5E738BD 7844db3271d509881cc4a26b34564ddc165637a808997c42c5211595368b79ed 7e7002d9-b2e7-11ef-9aff-00155d000105 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=187111 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0