20.500.12556/DKUM-15976 MERJENJE KSILEMSKEGA TOKA PRI NAVADNI SMREKI OB NAPADU PODLUBNIKOV Sap flow measurements at Norway spruce after attack by bark beetles V zadnjem desetletju so visoke temperature in z njimi povezane suše, orkanski vetrovi ter snegolom znatno vplivali na izjemno povečanje populacij podlubnikov. Navadna smreka (Picea abies L. Karst.) je zaradi neprilagojenosti nižinskim rastiščem, podlubnikom še posebej izpostavljena. To se kaže v dejstvu, da v Sloveniji sanitarna sečnja smreke zaradi podlubnikov predstavlja do 50% celotne sečnje. Obstoječi načini zatiranja so precej radikalni in odpirajo vprašanja o rentabilnosti, ekološki vzdržnosti ter učinkovitosti ukrepov. Namen diplomskega dela je bil dimenzionirati in sestaviti avtonomno merilno postajo ekofizioloških parametrov. Od konca meseca maja do konca avgusta smo v terenskem poskusu znotraj napadenega smrekovega sestoja na posestvu Univerzitetnega kmetijskega centra (GKY 547933, GKX 151650) merili naslednje parametre: potencialno evapotranspiracijo, relativno vlažnost, temperaturo zraka, zemlje, količine padavin in hitrosti ksilemskega toka v deblu smrek. Metodološko in analitično so nas zanimali spremenjeni vzorci ksilemskih tokov od začetnega napada do optimalne naselitve podlubnikov. Ena izmed smrek je bila napadena v času maksimalnega naleta prve generacije podlubnikov, ostale so bile napadene sredi julija, v času druge maksimalne aktivnosti. V juniju smo pri zdravih smrekah določili tipični diurnalni potek ksilemskega toka, z najvišjo hitrostjo v opoldanskem času in najnižjo v nočnih urah. Inicialni napad je abruptno spremenil dinamiko ksilemskega toka, diurnalni ritem se je časovno zamaknil in v meritvah smo zaznali kavitacije. Bistveno nižje hitrosti so posledica izgube regulirane transpiracije, tako pri lubadarkah gonilno silo v aksialnem transportu vode prevzame koreninski tlak. In last decade extremely high temperatures, more pronounced droughts, strong winds, snowstorms and sleet were probably the most important factors contributing to high susceptibility of the spruce stands to bark beetle attacks. Approximately 50% of all sanitary loggings of spruce are due to bark beetle attacks. Consequently, questions concerning the feasibility, efficiency and purpose of traditional phytosanitary measures have been raised, triggering intensive research on ecological, economical and phytosanitary aspects of I. typographus.The aim of the presented research was to scale up and establish a field station aimed at monitoring ecophysological parameters. The research took place from mid-May 2010 until the end of August 2010, in a naturally grown spruce stand (Pivola, UKC, GKY 547933,GKX 151650), which was affected by the first and the second generation of bark beetles. We monitored the following parameters: potential evapotranspiration, relative humidity, air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation and sap flow velocity in spruce stems. Methodologically and analytically we concentrated in modified patterns of sap flow from the time of primary attack to the successful colonization of bark beetles. One of the investigated spruces was attacked during the flight activity of the first generation of bark beetles, whereas the rest of the test trees were attacked in mid July when the second most intensive flight activity occurred. In June, we determined typical diurnal sap flow patterns in healthy spruces, with the highest velocities at noon, and the lowest during the night time. The initial attack was characterized by abrupt changes in the sap flow dynamics, while the diurnal rhythm was less expressed, and also cavitations were present. In massively attacked trees sap flow velocities were gradually becoming lower until the tree died. Navadna smreka Picea abies napad podlubnikov ksilemski tok senzor toplotnega odvoda Norway spruce Picea abies bark beetle attack sap flow thermal dissipation probe true true false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-09-27 12:37:18 2010-10-14 14:13:35 2022-04-13 07:45:54 2023-12-20 03:11:00 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 URN:SI:UM:DK:Q2D9LEPU VS_Gorensek_Janez_2010.pdf VS_Gorensek_Janez_2010.pdf 1 5FE9C80F371F229353BA9803614F5EDD 3af8c13de14fb7ba695beac2753bad3763e915051e4844ce5010b2752eaeb9d1 88402ef3-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/5b104886-1f16-4915-b6b0-2d38104720b4 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=17838 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede 0 0 0