20.500.12556/DKUM-16069 FUNKCIONALIZACIJA POVRŠINE PET (POLIETILEN TEREFTALATNE) FOLIJE ZA DOSEGO PROTIMIKROBNIH LASTNOSTI FUNCTIONALIZATION OF PET (POLYETHYLENE THEREPHTHALATE) SURFACES TO OBTAIN ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES Trend pri razvoju inovativnih embalažnih materialov je v funkcionalizaciji površine embalažnih materialov z namenom pridobitve protimikrobnih lastnosti. Zato iz dneva v dan narašča zanimanje za funkcionalizacijske postopke, pri katerih se uporabljajo okolju prijazni in biorazgradljivi reagenti. Eden izmed najperspektivnejših je hitozan, ki je pridobljen s postopkom alkalne deacetilacije hitina in je za celulozo drugi najbolj razširjeni bipolimer na zemlji. Hitozan vsebuje amino skupine, ki elektrostatično reagirajo s površino celic patogenih mikroorganizmov in jih s tem poškodujejo ali celo uničijo. Dejstvo je, da je večina obstoječih raziskav s hitozanom izvedena v raztopini in ne v obliki filma, tako da razvoj hitozanskih premazov za materiale embaliranja predstavlja velik izziv. Diplomsko delo podaja bistvene podatke o PET embalaži ter vsebuje primerjave med neobdelanim PET in PET z nanešenim hitozanskim premazom. Namen naše naloge je bil funkcionalizirati površino PET folij s hitozanom za dosego protimikrobnih lastnosti. Pri funkcionalizaciji polimerov za dosego specifičnih lastnosti je pomembno, da te dodane lastnosti na polimeru uspešno zasleduješ, zato smo obdelane površine PET materialov analizirali z vidika: i) vsebnosti vezave hitozana: določitev amino funkcionalnih skupin ter ii) načina vezave hitozana: reverzibilnost oz. ireverzibilnost vezave. S potenciometrično titracijo smo dokazovali prisotnost hitozana na površini PET po impregnaciji in desorpciji. Rezultate smo primerjali s suhima spektroskopskima tehnikama ATR FTIR in XPS. Obe tehniki dokazujeta vezavo hitozana na površino PET materiala. Drugi del diplomske naloge je bil namenjen študiju desorpcije hitozana s površine PET folij. Poleg že uporabljenih tehnik (potenciometrična titracija, ATR FTIR, XPS) je bila za določitev kinetike desorpcije hitozana s površine folij uporabljena indirektna polielektrolitska titracija. Primerjali smo jo s konvencionalno spektrofotometrično metodo — ninhidrinsko reakcijo. Na ta način smo želeli opredeliti naravo vezave hitozana na površino PET. Eden izmed najpomembnejših aspektov diplomskega dela je bil študij interakcij med funkcionalizirano površino materiala ter spektrom patogenih bakterij in gliv svežega perutninskega mesa, kjer v raziskavah obstaja vrzel — večina objav se nanaša na tekoče medije in ne na kompleksne heterogene sisteme, kot so funkcionalizirani vlaknotvorni polimerni materiali. The trend in the development of innovative packaging materials is in packaging materials surface functionalization to obtain antimicrobial properties. Therefore, every day is growing interest in the functionalization procedures, which are environmentally friendly and use biodegradable reagents. One of the most perspective is chitosan, which is obtained by alkaline process deacetilation of chitin and is the second most widely bipolimer on Earth after cellulose. Chitosan contains amino groups that react with the electrostatic cell surface of pathogenic microorganisms and thus damage or even destroy them. The fact is that most existing researches with chitosan are made in the solution and not in the form of a film, so that the development of chitosan coatings for materials wrapping presents major challenge. Diploma thesis presents the essential details of PET packaging and includes a comparison between raw PET and PET with chitosan deposited coating. The aim of our study was to activate surface of PET film with chitosan to achieve antimicrobial properties. For functionalization of polymers to achieve specific properties, it is important that these properties of the polymer are successfully stalked, so we analyzed the treated PET surface materials in terms of: i) the amount of chitosan: the determination of amine functional groups, and ii) how chitosan is bound: reversibility or irreversibility of the binding. By potentiometric titration we show the presence of chitosan on the surface of PET foils after preservation and desorption. Results were compared with the dry ATR FTIR spectroscopic technique and XPS. Both techniques show the binding of chitosan on the surface of the PET material. The second part of the thesis was intended to study desorption of chitosan from the surface of PET film. In addition to previously used techniques (potentiometric titration, ATR FTIR, XPS) indirect polyelectrolyte titration was used to determine the kinetics of desorption from the surface of chitosan films. We compared it with conventional spectrophotometric method – ninhydrin reaction. In this way we wanted to define the nature of the binding of chitosan on the PET surface. One of the most important aspects of this thesis was the study of the interactions between the surface of the functionalized material and spectrum of pathogenic bacteria and fungi on fresh poultry meat, where there is a gap in research – most of the studies relate to the liquid media rather than complex heterogeneous systems such as fibre functionalized polymer materials. PET hitozan potenciometrične in polielektrolitske titracije ATR FTIR XPS protimikrobnost PET chitosan potentiometric and polyelectrolyte titrations ATR FTIR XPS antimicrobial properties true true false [M. Kaiserberger] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-09-29 15:40:54 2010-10-01 08:09:10 2022-04-13 07:50:35 2023-12-20 03:15:44 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 577.15:66.098(043.2) 2294863 URN:SI:UM:DK:BW5PV0S0 UNI_Kaisersberger_Maja_2010.pdf UNI_Kaisersberger_Maja_2010.pdf 1 5003904B9B35623E961B3ED458C138F2 e5838e6dc325ad7c1da1cd3e4d7ae4f9e947dd6af4c075b8f314f1b08226fbaf 9062570b-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/5eaab1d0-7de1-421b-a4fe-2c4440498da5 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=18060 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0