20.500.12556/DKUM-16200 POMEN IN VRSTE KREDITOV V NARODNEM GOSPODARSTVU SIGNIFICANCE AND TYPES OF LOANS IN NATIONAL ECONOMY Za organiziranje gospodarske dejavnosti podjetniki potrebujejo kapital, navadno v obliki denarja. Če znesek naložbe presega lastnikove prihranke, si mora denar izposoditi oziroma najeti posojilo. Treba pa je sprva določiti, kaj kredit sploh je. Po eni strani je kredit medčasovna menjava dobrin vrednosti. Po preteku določenega časa bo vrnjeno blago ali pa denar. Po drugi strani pa se s kreditom omogoči, da dolžnik s tisto vrednostjo, ki jo bo ustvaril šele v prihodnosti razpolaga v sedanjosti. Posamezniki ali pa posamezne gospodarske organizacije imajo na voljo specifične kredite, ki jim bodo pomagali priti ven iz finančne krize. Le-te ponujajo različne finančne institucije, med katerimi prevladujejo banke. Banke plačujejo varčevalcem za njihove prihranke pasivno obrestno mero, ki predstavlja za banko strošek. Aktivno obrestno mero pa zaračunavajo za odobrena posojila. Le-ta pa predstavlja za banko prihodek. Pri visoki obrestni meri se zmanjša povpraševanje po kreditu zato, ker rentabilnost vlaganj nekaterih povpraševalcev po kreditu ne prenese tako visoke obrestne mere. Zaradi cene kredita lahko kredit najamejo le tisti, ki ustvarjajo dovolj presežne vrednosti. To pa so rentabilni investitorji. Na tako imenovanem filtru ostanejo torej tisti, ki so manj rentabilni. Po drugi strani pa pri znižanju obrestne mere povpraševanje po kreditu narašča. To ne vpliva le na posamezno gospodarsko organizacijo, temveč na celotno narodno gospodarstvo, kjer prihaja lahko do inflacije ali pa stagnacije celotnega gospodarstva. Če so obrestne mere nizke bo prihajalo z odobrenimi krediti do večjega števila investicij, kar pomeni, da se bo gospodarstvo pregrelo. Po drugi strani pa, če so obrestne mere visoke, bo posledično prihajalo do prekomernega varčevanja, kar bo vplivalo na proizvodnjo in tako posledično tudi na brezposelnost. Torej vidimo, da krediti igrajo pomembno vlogo tako v narodnem gospodarstvu kot v posamezni organizaciji. Entrepreneurs need capital, usually in the form of money, to organize an economic activity. If the investment amount surpasses the owner's own savings, he has to borrow the money or take a loan. We first have to decide what a credit is. On the one hand it's a intertemporal trade of value assets. After a specified amount of time, either the goods or the money will be returned. On the other hand, a credit enables the debtor to immediately have a value at his disposal, that he will later create in the future. Individuals or individual economic organizations have various credits at their disposal, that will help them in the financial crisis. These are offered mainly by banks and various other financial institutions. Banks pay to savers a passive interest rate for their savings, which is an expense to the bank. Active interest rate is used for approved loans. This is an income for the bank. The demand for credit is reduced in the case of high interest rates, because the rentability of investments of some customers does not bear such a high interest rate. Due to the cost of the credit, it can only be rented by those, who create enough excess value. These are profitable investors. Those, who are less profitable, remain on the so-called filter. On the other hand, the demand for credit rises, when the interest rates are low. This influences not only the individual economic organization, but also the entire national economy, as inflation or stagnation of the entire economy can occur. If the interest rates are low, the aproved loans will create an increased number of investments, resulting in the economy overheating. On the other hand, there will be an excessive amount of saving if the interest rates are high, which will affect production and unemployment. As we can see, credits play an important role in the national economy as well as in an individual organization. trg denarja trg kapitala kreditni trg poslovna banka krediti funkcije kreditov kreditno razmerje obrestne mere money market capital market credit market commercial bank credits function of bank credits credit rate intereset rate true true false [D. Puvalić] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Delo diplomskega seminarja/zaključno seminarsko delo/naloga 2010-10-04 21:01:41 2011-01-27 11:27:42 2022-04-13 07:57:32 2023-12-20 03:22:15 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 336.77 10545436 URN:SI:UM:DK:ZVSK1JCE UNI_Puvalic_Dragan_2010.pdf UNI_Puvalic_Dragan_2010.pdf 1 56395A5206A137EE9E362BFA77BD1DF3 fd8f253beaffb7cb81bc4bbb646572b1691c724681c163e2c43eaf01ec1ce5eb 97a363c6-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/e6c4e107-670c-4840-a645-44b04149a3ea https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=18252 Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta 0 0 0