20.500.12556/DKUM-16477 REFORMA NA ŽELEZNICAH EU-MODELI VSTOPA NA TRG VOZNE POTI RAILWAY REFORM IN THE EU-MODELS OF MARKET ENTRY IN THE FIELD OF ROUTES V diplomski nalogi smo predstavili pomen organiziranosti železniškega sistema v državah Evropske unije. Za primerjavo smo uporabili model organiziranosti železnic, v ZDA. Rešitev problema nekonkurenčnosti železnic v državah EU je v njihovem prestrukturiranje. Ob tem je treba zagotoviti enake konkurenčne pogoje med transportnimi nosilci. Poglavitnega pomena za liberalizacijo evropskih železnic je ločitev infrastrukture od prevozne dejavnosti. Oblikovala sta se dva trga: trg železniške prevozne poti in trg železniških transpornih storitev. Skupni imenovalec nove organiziranosti je, da je upravljalec infrastrukture bodisi samostojna družba v sestavi holdinga, bodisi stroškovni center, vendar z ločenim računovodstvom v enotnem železniškem podjetju. Organiziranost evropskih železnic teži k modelu, ki je vertikalno razdvojen, vendar so nekatere države še zmeraj ohranile določeno stopnjo vertikalne integracije v železniškem sektorju. Ekonomisti ponujajo tudi možnost horizontalnega razdvajanja, kar pomeni ločitev tovornega od potniškega prometa in izgradnjo vzporednih prog. Gospodarska uspešnost držav EU je v veliki meri odvisna od učinkovitosti prevoznega sistema, ki podpira trajnostno gospodarsko rast in družbeni razvoj. Transportiranje potnikov in blaga po železnici je eden glavnih instrumentov v boju proti zastojem, onesnaževanju okolja, globalnemu segrevanju in prometnim nesrečam. Železniški prevoz v Evropi je industrija, ki se orientira na prihodnost in se trudi ponuditi privlačnejši, dostopnejši, varnejši, čistejši, konkurenčnejši in bolj zanesljiv način prevoza. Inovacije in interoperabilnost so ključni dejavniki za uspeh evropskih železnic in za preskrbo industrije. This thesis deals with the importance of well-organized railway systems in EU countries. A comparison has been drawn with a model of an American railway system. The solution to the problem of uncompetitiveness of railway systems in EU countries lies in their restructuring. Equal conditions of competition between transporters must be ensured. The separation of infrastructure and transportation is of a great significance for the liberalization of European railways. Two markets have formed: the market of railway transportation paths and the market of railway transport services. The administrator of the infrastructure in new forms of organization is either a subsidiary company or a cost center with a separate accounting in a unified railway company. The organization of European railways aims at a vertically separated model. Some countries have however retained a certain degree of vertical integration in the railway sector. Economists also acknowledge the possibility of horizontal separation which signifies the separation of goods transport and passenger transport, and the construction of parallel railway tracks. The economic performance of EU countries mostly depends on the transport system efficiency which supports the constant economic growth and social development. The passenger and goods transport on railways is one of the main instruments in the struggle against traffic jams, environment pollution, global warming and traffic accidents. European railway transportation is a future-oriented industry attempting to offer a more appealing, easily accessible, safer, cleaner, more competitive and reliable means of transport. Innovations and interoperability are crucial factors for the success of European railways, and the adequate provision of goods for the industry. Železniški sistemi verikalna integracija vloga železniških koridorjev vertikalno razdvajanje deregulacija železnic evropska transportna politika ločitev infrastrukture. Railway systems vertical integration the role of railway corridors vertical separation railway deregulation European transport policy infrastructure separation. true true false [U. Fišer] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-10-20 23:30:54 2011-02-15 14:31:17 2022-04-13 08:11:59 2023-12-20 03:35:33 2010 0 Slovenj Gradec 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 656.2 10567708 URN:SI:UM:DK:K9XJCQTU VS_Fiser_Uros_2010.pdf VS_Fiser_Uros_2010.pdf 1 25F163C02DB85BA8B63F3665FBE55DD7 a6d0213667f06c7cae081e6faf774990e8fcbcc5cead8c855ff6df7aa506b4c5 a83c7d19-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/b4765a20-9088-4f96-aa0d-b748b93c3632 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=18702 Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta 0 0 0