20.500.12556/DKUM-16649 AKTIVNE OBLIKE DELA S POUDARKOM NA ASTRONOMSKIH OPAZOVANJIH ZA UČENCE NA RAZREDNI STOPNJI ACTIVE FORMS OF SCHOOLWORK WITH THE EMPHASIS ON ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS FOR ELEMENTARY PUPILS Namen diplomskega dela je vzpodbuditi aktivne oblike dela v okviru astronomskih vsebin. Astronomija je tema, ki deluje na učence zelo motivacijsko, hkrati pa omogoča širok spekter aktivnosti. V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili predvsem na astronomska opazovanja. V teoretičnem delu definiramo in opisujemo aktivne oblike in metode dela, predstavljamo astronomske vsebine na razredni stopnji ter razlagamo in nakazujemo, kaj je potrebno vedeti za astronomska opazovanja s prostim očesom ter z optičnimi pripomočki. V empiričnem delu je predstavljena analiza raziskave med učitelji četrtih in petih razredov, kjer preverjamo, kako učitelji povezujejo posamezne naravoslovne vsebine iz učnega načrta z astronomskimi vsebinami v smislu aktivnih oblik dela. V raziskavi proučimo ključne probleme pri opazovanju s teleskopom in na katerem področju bi želeli učitelji izpopolniti svoje znanje o astronomiji. Rezultati so pokazali, da večina učiteljev vsebino iz učnega načrta obravnava kar v razredu. Čeprav nekateri uporabljajo didaktične igre in modele, je takega aktivnega dela veliko premalo. To dokazuje tudi, da učenci še niso opazovali z optičnimi pripomočki, čeprav je na šoli na razpolago vsa astronomska oprema, ki je bila v prejšnjem letu posodobljena. Večina učiteljev meni, da ni sposobna organizirati astronomskega opazovanja, pri tem pa jim največji problem predstavlja preučitev zvezdnih kart in računalniških programov, primerna izbira mesta in časa za opazovanje ter iskanje objektov na nebu. Na podlagi rezultatov smo oblikovali predloge za seminar, ki bi pripomogel k boljši ozaveščenosti učiteljev o astronomskih opazovanjih na razredni stopnji izobraževanja. The purpose of this diploma study is to encourage active forms of work within the framework of astronomical content. Astronomy is a theme which greatly affects students’ motivation and provides a wide range of activities. In the diploma thesis we focus primarily on astronomic observations. In the theoretical part we define and describe practical work and the methods used. We present astronomical content at primary school levels and explain and suggest what kind of knowledge is needed for astronomic observations with the naked eye and using optical appliances. In the empirical section we present our analysis of research made among teachers of 4th and 5th year classes, where we test how teachers connect different items of scientific content from the syllabus with astronomic content in practical forms of work. In the research we examine the key problems when observing via a telescope and in which fields the teachers would like to improve their knowledge of astronomy. The results have indicated that the majority of teachers dealt with syllabus content directly in the classroom. Although some used instructional games and models, the practical part of the work was far too little. This is also proved by the fact that pupils had never made any observations using optical appliances, despite that the school had the latest astronomic equipment available which had been installed only a year ago. Most of the teachers believe that they are not capable of organising astronomical observations where their biggest problem is teaching how to examine star charts and computer programs, selecting an appropriate place and time for observations and searching for objects in the sky. On the basis of the results obtained we developed proposals for a seminar, which would help raise awareness among teachers for better astronomical observation at primary levels of education. aktivne oblike dela astronomska opazovanja optični pripomočki razredna stopnja predlogi za seminar active forms of work astronomical observation optical applications primary levels proposals for the seminar true true false [L. Kukovica] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-11-04 19:52:02 2010-12-23 14:13:13 2022-04-13 08:47:33 2023-12-21 03:12:31 2010 0 Oplotnica 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 53(043.2) 17994760 URN:SI:UM:DK:PAXMNQNG UNI_Kukovica_Lea_2010.pdf UNI_Kukovica_Lea_2010.pdf 1 32DA7B5F62E64F6A1AC903655A9437E3 6fd84cb1d256feb3fc5b0607aa9d6880b0b95cef76216cd94d90a3965c343732 b23b6e8c-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/ab3ecc87-ae65-4326-9ff5-2701de626e2e https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=18979 Pedagoška fakulteta 0 0 0