20.500.12556/DKUM-16769 VZROKI IN POSLEDICE PROTIHABSBURŠKE ZAROTE THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF ANTI-HABSBURG CONSPIRACY Hrvaško in madžarsko ozemlje je bilo v 17. stoletju pod pritiskom dveh močnih držav, habsburške monarhije in turškega imperija. Po miru v Žitvi leta 1606 so se Turki ustalili nevarno blizu hrvaške meje, v Veliki Kaniži. Habsburžani so bili v tem času zaposleni z vojaškim in političnim dogajanjem v zahodni in srednji Evropi, zato so polagali premalo pozornosti na obrambo pred Turki. Hkrati je dunajski dvor v drugi polovici 17. stoletja z upravno centralizacijo in gospodarsko politiko v duhu tedaj sodobnega merkantilizma poskušal okrepiti absolutno monarhijo tudi na hrvaškem in madžarskem ozemlju ter s tem zmanjšati njihovo neodvisnost. Nevarnosti, ki so jo predstavljali Turki, so se zavedali le neposredno prizadeti narodi in so zato od Habsburžanov zahtevali ofenziven nastop proti Turkom. Prošnje, preslišane na dvoru, so pripeljale hrvaške in madžarske plemiče do oblikovanja zarote z namenom osvoboditve izpod habsburške nadoblasti. Zdi se, da je bil za oblikovanje zarote ključen podpis sramotnega Vasvárskega miru in neaktivnost cesarske vojske pod poveljstvom Rajmonda Montecuccolija pri obrambi utrdbe Novi Zrin, ki jo je dal v obrambne namene zgraditi Nikolaj Zrinski. Prav družina Zrinski je bila poleg družine Frankapan (tudi Frankopan) edina še preostala plemiška družina starega hrvaškega plemstva. Ker so imeli velika posestva tudi na Madžarskem, je bila njihova vloga v javnem življenju izjemna tako na Hrvaškem kot Madžarskem. Prvi idejni vodja zarote je bil ban Nikolaj Zrinski. Po njegovi smrti leta 1664 je vlogo vodje prevzel njegov brat Peter Zrinski, ki je k zaroti pritegnil svojega svaka Franca Krištofa Frankapana, zeta Franca Rákóczyja ter še nekatere plemiče, med drugim tudi štajerskega grofa Ivana Erazma Tattenbacha. Zarotniki so se zavedali, da brez podpore močne države upor ne more uspeti, zato so stekla pogajanja s francoskim kraljem Ludvikom XIV., zaveznike pa so iskali tudi na Poljskem in predvsem v Turčiji. Protihabsburška zarota je bila pred udejanjenjem razkrinkana, zarotniki so bili kaznovani s smrtjo v opomin novim pomislekom o uporu proti dunajskemu dvoru. Posledice razkritja so bile na Madžarskem in še toliko bolj na Hrvaškem bistvenega pomena za nadaljnji politični in družbeni razvoj. In the 17th century, the Croatian and Hungarian territories were under the pressure of two powerful countries, the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire. After the Peace in Zsitvatörök, the Turks settled dangerously close to the Croatian border in Velika Kaniža (Great Kanizsa). During this time, the Habsburgs were engaged in the military and political events in the West and Central Europe and paid little attention to their defence against the Turks. Simultaneously in the 17th century, the Vienna Court tried to strengthen the absolute monarchy also in the Croatian and Hungarian territories by centralising the administration and strengthening the economic policy in a spirit of the then modern mercantilism. In such a manner, the Court wanted to reduce the independence of these territories. Only the directly affected nations were aware of the dangers presented by the Turks. Therefore they called upon the Habsburgs to launch an offensive against the Turks. Such calls, which were ignored by the Vienna Court, led the Croatian and Hungarian noblemen to form a conspiracy to attain freedom from the Habsburg supremacy. It seems that the signing of the ignominious Peace of Vasvár and the inactivity of the Imperial Army under the command of Raimondo Montecuccoli in defending the fortress of Novi Zrin (New Zrin), built for defence purposes by Nikola Zrinski, were crucial for the formation of the conspiracy. Besides the Frankopan family, the Zrinski family was the only remaining family of the old Croatian nobility. As they also owned large estates in the Hungarian territory, their public role was exceptional both in Croatia and Hungary. The idea of the conspiracy was first led by Ban Nikola Zrinski. After he died in 1664, the leadership was assumed by his brother Petar Zrinski, who was joined by his brother-in-law Fran Krsto Frankopan, father-in-law Francis I Rákóczy and some other noblemen, including the Styria Count Hans Erasmus von Tattenbach. The conspirators were well aware that the revolt cannot succeed without the support of a powerful country. Therefore they started negotiations with Louis XIV, the King of France, and they also looked for allies in the Polish and Turkish territories. The anti-Habsburg conspiracy was foiled before it could even begin, and the conspirators were all sentenced to death as a warning against any new considerations of a revolt against the Vienna Court. The consequences of the disclosure were of fundamental importance for the further political and social development of the Hungarian territory, and even more so for the development of the Croatian territory. Protihabsburška zarota Zrinski Vasvárski mir habsburški absolutizem. Anti-Habsburg conspiracy Zrinski Peace of Vasvár Habsburg Absolutism. true true false [N. Buh] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2010-11-18 14:00:41 2011-01-12 13:45:31 2022-04-13 08:53:44 2023-12-21 03:16:34 2010 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 93/94(043.2) 18075912 URN:SI:UM:DK:G85VJUT4 UNI_Buh_Nina_2010.pdf UNI_Buh_Nina_2010.pdf 1 DC67CA768EAC0F8F6535DCFF04064528 d72f45f3b6b89c1fa22231934db95420d3f84c7b8227b2b1ecff763fb5ea60c6 b9cf4c11-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/dfd12eea-d755-4ff2-846a-e88368833d6f https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=19169 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0