20.500.12556/DKUM-17781 Problem demarkacije in teorija strun diplomsko delo DEMARCATION PROBLEM AND STRING THEORY V diplomski nalogi smo opisali smo strukturo znanstvenih teorij in spoznali metode, ki opisujejo delovanje znanosti ter uporabo različnih oblik sklepanja v okviru znanosti. Sečišče med fiziko in filozofijo, v okviru znanosti, predstavlja področje filozofije znanosti, ki se med drugim ukvarja z znanstvenimi metodami, kriteriji za določitev in preverjanje posameznih znanstvenih teorij, razlago zgodovine znanosti in poskusom nastanka in sprejetja posameznih znanstvenih teorij. Spoznali smo problem demarkacije, ki se ukvarja z ločevanjem znanosti in neznanosti ter preverili teorijo strun s pomočjo različnih kriterijev za ločevanje med znanostjo in psevdoznanostjo. Podrobneje smo so ogledali značilnosti teorije strun, ki v tem trenutku predstavlja obetavno kandidatko za končno teorijo vsega. Dotaknili smo se problemov, s katerimi se spopada, in orisali njen nadaljnji razvoj. Kot njeno rivalsko teorijo smo opisali standardni model, ki ima več uspeha, a ne vključuje vseh znanih sil narave. Ker je teorija strun za zdaj nezmožna proizvajanja empirično preverljivih napovedi, smo želeli preveriti, ali jo lahko označimo za znanstveno ali filozofsko teorijo. S pomočjo analogije smo povezali topološke defekte (kozmološke strune) in defekte v nematičnih tekočih kristalih ter vzpostavili laboratorij, ki nam omogoča vpogled v svet strun. Na koncu smo s pomočjo teorij štirih različnih filozofskih teorij, ki se ukvarjajo s problemom razmejitve med znanostjo in psevdoznanostjo in razvojem znanosti, in kritik dveh fizikov, preverili domet teorije strun. In this graduation thesis, we have learnt about the problem of demarcation, which, among other things, deals with demarcation between science and non-science and to verify string theory using a variety of criteria to distinguish science from pseudo-science. The common ground between physics and philosophy represents a field called philosophy of science, which deals with scientific methods, finding criteria to determine and verify individual scientific theories, interpretation of history of science and attempts to define various scientific theories and their origin. We tried to explain the structure of scientific theories, learn about the methods describing how science works and finally the use of various forms of inference in the scientific context. More specifically, we have explained the most important features of string theory, which currently represents the most promising candidate for a final theory of everything. We described the problems that the theory is facing and its future development. As a rival theory we have also described the standard model. Since, for the time being, the string theory was incapable of producing empirically verifiable predictions, we wanted to test whether it can be considered as a legitimate physical (scientific) theory, or only as a philosophical theory. With analogy between topological defects (especially cosmic strings) and defects in liquid crystals we formed a laboratory to get a confirmation and to have an insight into the world of strings. We have used four different philosophical theories, that try to explain the problem of demarcation between science and pseudoscience, and criticism of two physics experts, to determine whether string theory is scientific or not. fizika filozofija teorija strun tekoči kristali demarkacija psevdoznanost filozofija znanosti napovedi znanstvena teorija preverjanje filozofska motivacija diplomska dela string theory liquid crystals criterion demarcation problem pseudoscience philosophy of science prediction scientific theory verification philosophical motivation. true true false [M. Bek] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2011-03-16 23:21:18 2011-04-05 12:07:50 2022-04-13 10:09:02 2023-12-23 03:09:43 2011 0 Maribor 2011 Maribor V, 90 f. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 1(043.2) 18255880 URN:SI:UM:DK:K0IEGBKT UNI_Bek_Mitja_2011.pdf UNI_Bek_Mitja_2011.pdf 1 D8B12071F6306D7574ADFCC021405AFC cf0defcae18fd30d032f76c01ce0fe4b1960a9d75f1b8b7592421fbc9750212b f8e8dbef-7c04-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/486e7c23-1fd8-4796-9141-799e792c1649 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=20922 http://dkum.uni-mb.si/Dokument.php?id=20922 1 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=145324 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0