20.500.12556/DKUM-18924 Kazenskopravno varstvo tajnih podatkov Protection of classified information in criminal law POVZETEK V diplomski nalogi sem predstavil razloge, zakaj je tajnost iz državne sfere lahko dobrina, čeprav imamo v vseh demokratičnih državah izoblikovano načelo javnosti dela državnih organov, kar je tudi eno izmed ustavnih določb. Prav zato je pomembno, da je določanje, dostop in varovanje tajnih podatkov zakonsko urejeno, da se prepreči arbitrarnost predvsem pri ustvarjanju tajnosti. Zakon o tajnih podatkih je zagotovil, da odločitve o tajnosti podatkov sprejemajo osebe, ki imajo dovolj informacij in znanja, da lahko ocenijo pomen morebitnih škodljivih posledic ob razkritju tega podatka. Tajnost mora biti vsekakor upravičena, v nasprotnem primeru lahko pride do izigravanja prava in zlorabe tajnosti s strani ozkega kroga ljudi, ki imajo monopol nad tajnimi podatki. To problematiko sem ponazoril z aktualnim primerom glede možnosti (ne)dostopa do dela arhivskega gradiva, ki se nanaša na delo Službe državne varnosti pred letom 1990. Poglavitno področje mojega raziskovanja je kazenskopravno varstvo tajnosti, ki se je razvijalo skozi zgodovino v okviru bivše države Jugoslavije in nato v prvem Kazenskem zakoniku samostojne države Slovenije, ki je začel veljati leta 1995. Le-ta je poznal tri vrste izdaj tajnosti iz sfere države (državna, uradna in vojaška). Glavna razlika med njimi je bila v materialnem kriteriju, saj se je pomen državne tajnosti vrednotil z vidika položaja države v mednarodni skupnosti, pomen uradne in vojaške tajnosti pa predvsem z vidika delovanja posamezne službe (policija, vojska). Predstavil sem razloge za spremembo določb o kaznivih dejanjih vseh treh vrst tajnosti leta 2008, ko je novi Kazenski zakonik uzakonil enotno kaznivo dejanje izdaje tajnih podatkov, ki zajema nepooblaščeno izdajo kakršnega koli tajnega podatka, ki po opredelitvi v Zakonu o tajnih podatkih zajema vse vrste tajnosti. Če pogledamo ureditev dostopanja do tajnosti v ZTP, lahko ugotovimo, da bi moralo zelo redko priti do kazenskega varstva tajnosti, saj imamo urejen strog in obsežen sistem preventivnega varstva tajnih podatkov, ki se zrcali skozi tristopenjsko varnostno preverjanje. Višja kot je stopnja tajnosti, večji je obseg varnostnega preverjanja, ki ga mora prestati posameznik, če želi pridobiti dovoljenje za dostop do tajnih podatkov. SUMMARY In this thesis, I present reasons why secrecy in public sphere can be advantageous, although all democratic countries have formed a principle of openness of public work, which is also one of the constitutional provisions. In order to avoid arbitrariness, especially in creating classification, it is important that identification, access and protection of classified information are regulated. The Act on classified information ensured that decisions on confidential data are taken by persons with sufficient information and knowledge to evaluate the importance of possible adverse effects in case such confidential data would be revealed. Secrecy must be substantially justified in any case; otherwise there may be circumvention of the law and abuse of secrecy by a small circle of people who own the monopoly on classified information. I illustrate this problem with the current case concerning the access to a part of the archive material about the work of the State Security Service before 1990. The main field of my research is criminal protection of secrecy, which has evolved throughout history, first in former Yugoslavia and then in the first Criminal Code of the independent state of Slovenia, which entered into force in 1995. This act includes the three types of treason against classification from the public sphere (state, official and military). The main difference between them was the material criterion. The importance of state secrets was evaluated in terms of positioning the country in the international community, while the importance of official and military secrecy was assessed in terms of the work of every department (police, army). I presented reasons for amending the provisions on criminal offences of all three types of classification in 2008, when the new Criminal Code enacted a unified criminal act of treason against classified information, which covers the unauthorized issuance of any classified information. Classified information is defined in the Act on classified information and covers all kinds of secrecy. A further look into the regulations of accessibility to confidential data in the Act on classified information shows that a criminal protection of secrecy should be a rare occasion, as our system of preventive protection of classified information is very strict and comprehensive, which is reflected through a three-level security testing. The higher the classification level is the greater is the scale of security checks, which any individual must pass in order to gain a permission to access to classified information. Ključne besede: tajnost tajni podatek javnost kazensko pravo nacionalna varnost varnostno preverjanje človekove pravice Keywords: secrecy confidential information the public criminal law national security security check human rights. true true false [J. Verčko] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2011-06-09 19:54:40 2011-06-17 14:26:21 2022-04-13 14:55:54 2023-12-24 03:25:11 2011 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 34(043.2) 4232235 URN:SI:UM:DK:WVFBL9W3 UNI_Vercko_Janko_2011.pdf UNI_Vercko_Janko_2011.pdf 1 9F04AC25EF5767BB9BD67C0410F9E590 f7ba395c7449f67ec3bb1cfd7dd16bec7bdf4dfbfd766d3406ed55fd05bf07c1 402b22c7-7c05-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/3f538921-f5d4-4bea-a7b1-7df319f9f290 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=22678 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0