20.500.12556/DKUM-19153 PRIMERJAVA MED PRENOSOM SIGNALA V BIOLOŠKIH IN ELEKTRIČNIH SISTEMIH COMPARISON BETWEEN THE SIGNAL TRANSFER IN BIOLOGICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS V diplomski nalogi primerjamo prenos signalov v bioloških in električnih sistemih. Osredotočili smo se na znotrajcelično signalizacijo, kjer obstajajo signalne poti, sestavljene iz proteinskih kaskad. Z matematičnim modelom smo opravili različne numerične simulacije in analizirali vlogo proteinskih kaskad pri prenosu signala v znotrajceličnem prostoru. Te vloge smo primerjali z različnimi električnimi sistemi, katerih delovanje je dobro znano in ga lahko opišemo matematično. Namen takšnih primerjav je bolje razumeti vloge signalnih poti v znotrajceličnem prostoru. Primerjave temeljijo na numeričnih izračunih in primerjavah diferencialnih enačb, ki tvorijo matematični modeli za opis delovanja določenega sistema. V diplomskem delu je pokazano, da lahko proteinski kaskadi dodelimo lastnosti stikala, ki ojačuje signal in deluje kot nizkofrekvenčno prepustno sito. Pokazali smo tudi, da lahko z uporabo pozitivne povratne zanke aktivnemu stikalu povečamo ojačanje, zmanjšamo mejno frekvenco in povečamo njegovo nestabilnost. Kadar v sistem vključimo negativno povratno zanko, povečamo stabilnost sistema, povečamo mejno frekvenco in zmanjšamo ojačanje. Izdelali smo tudi biološka logična vrata, ki temeljijo na logičnih operacijah v digitalni elektroniki. Z uporabo teh logičnih vrat smo izdelali še spominsko vezje, ki lahko pomni 1 bit podatkov. In this thesis signal transduction pathways in biological and electrical systems are analyzed and compared. The main goal is to analyze intercellular signalization, in particular the pathways consisting of protein cascades. The protein cascades are studied by using mathematical models of signal transduction systems. The biological systems are compared with analogous electrical systems, which are well known and can easily be mathematically described. The main idea of comparing these systems is to gain better knowledge of the functioning of signaling pathways in the intercellular space. The comparison is based on numerical simulations and direct looking for analogies of the differential equations consisting the mathematical models of particular systems. We show that the protein cascades can function as switches that amplify signals and also serve as a low-frequency filter. Furthermore, we show that by introducing a positive feedback loop into an active switch, we can increase its gain, reduce the cutoff frequency and increase the instability of the system. On the other hand, if a negative feedback is applied, the system becomes more stable, the cutoff frequency rises and its gain drops. We also constructed biological logical gates, which are based on logical procedures used in digital electronics. On the basis of these gates, we designed a memory module, which can store 1 bit of information. matematično modeliranje proteinska kaskada elektronika prenos signala ojačitve signala nizkofrekvenčno prepustno sito logična vrata spominsko vezje. mathematical modeling protein cascades electronics signal transduction signal amplification low-frequency filter logical gate memory module. true true false [R. Markovič] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2011-06-23 09:59:43 2011-06-27 13:46:04 2022-04-13 15:08:05 2023-12-24 03:33:18 2011 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 53(043.2) 18488840 URN:SI:UM:DK:EP5MERC6 UNI_Markovic_Rene_2011.pdf UNI_Markovic_Rene_2011.pdf 1 4D24E070BCB2A9BED4BECE65458D0AC6 117df8f469d91c30508f64901cf12215674c40c2157c7cc979c99716fa2a9fb5 4e0a1694-7c05-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/b754ffbe-2f3b-4394-8fe0-c9accf6275db https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=23046 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0