20.500.12556/DKUM-22209 BIORAZGRADLJIVOST POSAMEZNIH KOMPONENT PRALNIH ODPADNIH VOD V BIOREAKTORJU BIODEGRADATION OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF LAUNDRY WASTEWATERS IN THE BIOREACTOR Industrijske pralnice so veliki porabniki sveže vode in pralnih sredstev, zaradi česar se čiščenju odpadnih vod namenja veliko pozornosti z ekološkega in ekonomskega vidika. Veljavna zakonodaja in visoki stroški okoljskih dajatev za onesnaženje voda, prisilijo industrijske pralnice k zmanjševanju količine odpadnih voda. V dosedanjih raziskavah je bilo ugotovljeno, da so odpadne vode iz pralnic zelo onesnažene, zaradi česar so potrebne različne metode čiščenja odpadnih vod, ki pa so precej drage. Zato je nujno potrebno zmanjšati onesnaženje odpadne vode z uporabo okolju prijaznejših pralnih in razkuževalnih sredstev, optimizirati postopke pranja in nato uvesti primerno metodo čiščenja s katero zmanjšamo količino odpadne vode. V okviru doktorske disertacije smo uvedli nov, okolju prijazen kemijsko-termični postopek pranja bolnišničnih tekstilij, ki poteka pri nižji temperaturi pranja. Pri pranju smo uporabili novo, ekološko primernejšo pralno sredstvo ter kombinirano belilno, razkuževalno in nevtralizacijsko sredstvo na osnovi perocetne kisline, vodikovega peroksida in ocetne kisline. Z uporabo takšnega razkuževalnega sredstva smo lahko znižali temperaturo pranja iz 90 °C na 40 °C in tako znižali porabo električne energije. Istočasno smo preskušali tudi dezinfekcijski učinek postopka pranja, ki ga pralnice bolnišničnega perila morajo zagotavljati, kakor tudi negativne učinke postopkov pranja na življenjsko dobo perila. V nadaljevanju raziskve smo optimirali sistem za čiščenje in recikliranje odpadnih voda z uporabo membranskega bioreaktorja (MBR), ki se bo lahko prilagodil različnim vrstam odpadnih vod v pralnicah. Pri različnih obratovalnih pogojih reaktorja smo preučevali biorezgradljivost posameznih komponent v sintetični pralni odpadni vodi. Na podlagi rezultatov smo določili optimalne pogoje delovanja MBR, ki so bili osnova za čiščenje različno obremenjene pralne odpadne vode. Podali smo možnost ponovne uporabe prečiščene vode v postopku pranja (recikliranje), na podlagi katere bi pralnice zmanjšale količino odpadnih voda in porabo sveže vode. Rezultat izvedene študije prikazuje možnost uporabe nizko temperaturnega pranja, pri čemer je higiena samega postopka pranja še vedno zagotavlja, njegova uvedba pa ima tudi pomemben vpliv na okolje, saj se močno zmanjša poraba električne energije. V študiji predlagana uvedba čiščenja in recikliranja prečiščene vode, zniža poraba sveže vode, zaradi česar so materialni stroški pralnice znižani. Industrial laundries are large consumers of fresh water and detergent and that requires great attention, from ecological and economic point of view, to the wastewater treatment. The current legislation and the high environmental charges for water pollution, force the industrial laundries into reducing the quantity of wastewater. In previous studies it was found that the wastewaters from laundries are polluted heavily and that requires different methods of wastewater treatment, which are, however, quite expensive. It is therefore necessary to reduce wastewater pollution by using environmentally friendly detergents and disinfectant agents, to optimize the processes of washing, and then apply the appropriate cleaning method to reduce the amount of wastewater. In the dissertation we have introduced a new, environmentally friendly chemo-thermic process for the laundering of hospital linen, which operates at a lower wash temperature. In the washing process we used a new, ecologically suitable detergent and combined bleaching, disinfecting and neutralizing agent based on peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. By using such a disinfecting product we were able to reduce the washing temperature from 90 ° C to 40 ° C, and because of that the consumption of electrical energy was lower. At the same time, we tested disinfection of the washing processes, which must be achieved by laundries which are washing hospital linen, as well as the negative effects of the washing procedures on the life span of the linen. In addition, we optimized the system for cleaning and recycling of the wastewaters by using a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), which can be adapted to different types of laundering wastewater. At different operating conditions of the reactor, we studied the biodegradation of individual components in synthetic laundering wastewater. Based on the results we determined the optimal working conditions of the MBR, which were the basis for the treatment of various loaded wastewater from laundries. We represent the possibility for reuse of filtrate (recycling)in laundering process, based on which the laundries can reduce the quantity of wastewaters and fresh water consumption. The results of the study shows the possibility of using low-temperature washing, where the hygiene of the washing process itself is still guaranteed, but its introduction has a significant impact on the environment as it reduces energy consumption greatly. In this study the suggested technology for cleaning and recycling of purified water will reduce the consumption of fresh water and, therefore, decrease the material costs of laundry. nizko temperaturno pranje energija odpadna voda biorazgradljivost membranski bioreaktor low temperature washing energy wastewater biodegradation membrane bioreactor true true false B. Altenbaher] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Doktorska disertacija 2012-02-29 11:44:18 2012-03-20 13:22:05 2022-04-14 11:14:34 2023-12-29 03:28:32 2012 0 [Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 628.3.034:628.4.042(043.3) 260960000 URN:SI:UM:DK:LMNP6U7L DR_Altenbaher_Brigita_2012.pdf DR_Altenbaher_Brigita_2012.pdf 1 20B9CBF1F9BC97BF068633AF100F7273 b73726c5886b72b38364ac9fc3928b9dfb73fa2920aa86552b6d2f9415c85eba 66556d55-7c06-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/27f3face-ab5e-470f-ab8a-888764beeb33 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=28561 Fakulteta za strojništvo 0 0 0