20.500.12556/DKUM-22326 DETEKTOR GIBANJA PRI POSKUSIH IZ PREMEGA GIBANJA V OSNOVNI ŠOLI MOTION DETECTOR IN EXPERIMENTS OF LINEAR MOTION AT THE PRIMARY SCHOOL V diplomski nalogi obravnavamo poučevanje premega gibanja v osnovni šoli. Poučevanje naj bo podprto z zanimivimi eksperimenti, ki jih opravimo tudi z detektorjem gibanja. V nalogi predstavimo detektor gibanja skupaj z nasveti za njegovo uporabo tako pri pouku za demonstracijsko učilo kot pri dodatnem pouku ali sobotni šoli za nadarjene učence za problemsko eksperimentiranje. Pri izvedenih eksperimentih lahko učenci z računalniško podporo narišejo grafe, ki prikazujejo odvisnost poti od časa ali odvisnost hitrosti telesa od časa, z njih preberejo podatke, jih razložijo in razumejo, katero vrsto gibanja predstavljajo. V diplomskem delu najprej opišemo premo gibanje. Posebej predstavimo premo enakomerno in premo enakomerno pospešeno gibanje. Pregledamo učni načrt za pouk fizike v osnovni šoli in podrobno predstavimo obravnavo učnih vsebin o gibanju, kar dopolnimo z opisom zanimivih poskusov, ki jih lahko učitelji izvedejo ob obravnavi učnih vsebin o gibanju. V eksperimentalnem delu predstavimo računalniško podprte eksperimente iz premega gibanja. Z detektorjem gibanja merimo spremembe lege telesa v realnem času. Za eksperimente uporabimo računalniški merilni komplet Vernier, ki ga sestavljajo detektor gibanja Go!Motion, vmesnik LabPro in program za obdelavo podatkov Logger Pro. Z izvedenimi eksperimenti tako pokažemo, da je detektor gibanja zanesljiva merilna naprava, saj se izmerjene vrednosti hitrosti in pospeška ujemajo s teoretično napovedanimi vrednostmi. Najprej obravnavamo premo enakomerno gibanje vozička na motorni pogon po vodoravni podlagi. Merimo lego v odvisnosti od časa pri dveh hitrostih vozička in pri dveh postavitvah detektorja gibanja: tako, da se mu voziček približuje in tako, da se mu oddaljuje. Predznak hitrosti povežemo s smerjo gibanja. Računalniško podprte meritve hitrosti primerjamo z ročnimi meritvami in ugotovimo, da se meritve v okviru napake ujemajo. Nato obravnavamo gibanje vozička po klancu. Ob primerni izbiri podlage ugotovimo, da je trenje zanemarljivo majhno, gibanje je enakomerno pospešeno, pospešek pa se veča z večanjem naklonskega kota klanca. Ko spreminjamo velikost sile upora, kar dosežemo s pritrditvijo različno velikih kartonov na voziček, saj s tem spreminjamo površino čelnega preseka telesa, na katerega deluje upor, pa pričakujemo, da gibanje ni več premo enakomerno pospešeno. Ker pa meritve izvajamo le v kratkem časovnem intervalu, je gibanje na videz še vedno enakomerno pospešeno, le pospešek se manjša z večanjem površine kartona. In the graduation thesis we discuss teaching of linear motion in primary schools. The teaching should be supported by interesting experiments which can be carried out also by the use of a motion detector. In the thesis we present the motion detector and give advice on its use as a demonstrative teaching tool at regular lessons and as a tool enabling problem experimentation for talented students at supplementary lessons or at the Saturday school. In the experiments students can draw computer-plotted graphs showing the position and velocity dependence on time, read the data from the graphs, as well as interpret and understand what type of motion they present. We start by describing linear motion and present the linear motion with constant velocity and linear motion with constant acceleration. We examine the primary school Physics curriculum and present in detail the topics on motion. We include the description of some interesting experiments that can be performed during the lessons. In the experimental part we present computer-supported experiments from linear motion. With the motion detector we measure changes in the object position in real time. The Vernier computer measuring kit, consisting of Go!Motion detector, LabPro interface and Logger Pro data processing software is used. The performed experiments show that the motion detector is a reliable measuring device, since the measurements are consistent with the theoretical predictions. First we study the linear motion with constant velocity by observing a motor-driven trolley on horizontal surface. We measure the trolley position as a function of time at two different velocities of the trolley and two different positions of the motion detector: the trolley is moving either towards the detector or away from it. The positive or negative sign of velocity is related to the direction of motion. We compare the computer aided velocity measurements with the velocities measured manually and find that they agree within the experimental error. Next we study the trolley motion on a slope. By a selection of an appropriate surface the friction is negligibly small. The trolley moves with a constant acceleration which increases when the slope inclination increases. Finally we study the effect of the air drag force on the motion by attaching various cardboards to the trolley and thus changing its effective cross-sectional area. We expect the motion with acceleration which is decreasing with time. However, since the experiments were performed in a short time interval the motion seems to be with a constant acceleration and the acceleration decreases by enlarging the cardboard surface. Premo enakomerno in enakomerno pospešeno gibanje detektor gibanja računalniško podprto eksperimentiranje Vernierjev merilni komplet. Constant linear and linear accelerated motion motion detector computer-supported experimentation Vernier computer measuring kit. true true false [R. Slana] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2012-03-12 18:26:20 2012-04-03 13:39:05 2022-04-14 11:20:44 2023-12-29 03:30:47 2012 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 53(043.2) 19047432 URN:SI:UM:DK:B39YG3YT UNI_Slana_Romana_2012.pdf UNI_Slana_Romana_2012.pdf 1 35FB2278CBD0BFDB54B33A572DE61536 69f921a5997307134cf78f87fe2266ac644af2e9e8acf05bd434c281f8756ddc 686a1ec4-7c06-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/8712f4b3-1328-46c1-9e75-f354781eeeba https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=28753 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0