20.500.12556/DKUM-36648 ODŠKODNINSKA ODGOVORNOST ZDRAVNIKA ZA NAPAKO S PRIKAZOM SODNE PRAKSE PHISYCIANS LIABILITY AND JURISPRUDENCE DISPLAY Iz vidika preučevanja odškodninske odgovornosti zdravnika za napako med zdravljenjem je pomembno razlikovanje med strokovno napako in komplikacijo. Danes štejemo za zdravniško napako kot tisto, do katere je prišlo zaradi kršitve osnovnih konceptov medicinske znanosti ali kršitve dolžne profesionalne skrbnosti in pazljivosti. Komplikacija ali zaplet pa je dogodek, ki se pojavi med ali po zdravljenju, ki ni nesreča, niti ni strokovna napaka, in ima za posledico iatrogeno poškodbo/bolezen. Do nje pride kljub temu, da je bilo zdravljenje izvedeno z vso potrebno profesionalno skrbnostjo. Komplikacije so torej znan in neizogiben spremljevalec zdravniške dejavnosti. Pri proučevanju zdravniške napake se teorija največkrat osredotoči na proučevanje vprašanja dolžne skrbnosti, to je ravnanja »contra legem artis«, ne glede na to ali je odgovornost pogodbena ali deliktna. Ravnaje »contra legem artis« se v kontekstu elementov odškodninske odgovornosti pojavlja predvsem v okviru predpostavke nedopustnega-škodljivega dejstva pa tudi v okviru krivde. Nedopustno škodljivo dejstvo predstavlja nedopusten poseg bodisi zaradi neprivolitve pacienta v poseg, bodisi zaradi kršitve pravil stroke. Krivda se odraža v neskrbnem ravnanju, torej ravnanju »contra legem artis«. Za zdravstvene delavce velja strožje merilo skrbnosti - skrbnost dobrega strokovnjaka. Kot pripadniki poklicne skupine morajo pri opravljanju zdravstvene dejavnosti ravnati po pravilih stroke in po običajih. Merilo za to je ravnanje povprečnega strokovnjaka njegove vrste, ravnanje, ki se torej zahteva in pričakuje od običajno izurjenega zdravnika določene specializacije. Pri tem si pravo pomaga s t.i. abstraktnim tipom zdravnika določene specializacije, z ravnanjem katerega primerjamo ravnanje zdravnika v konkretnem primeru. Ena temeljnih pravic pacienta je pravica do samostojnega odločanja o zdravljenju. Pravno načelo svobodne privolitve izhaja iz splošne pravice slehernika do samoodločanja. V skladu z načelom »volenti non fit iniuria« pristanek pacienta izključuje protipravnost medicinske intervencije pod pogojem, da je bila privolitev pravno veljavna in da so bili izvedeni posegi oziroma zdravljenje, glede katerih je bil pacient predhodno obveščen in dal nanje privolitev, izvedeni »legem artis«. Koncept zavestne privolitve je razčlenjen na posamezne elemente: razodetje, razumevanje, prostovoljnost, prištevnost in privolitev. Načeloma pacientu, ki je sposoben odločanja o sebi, brez njegove privolitve ni dovoljeno opraviti medicinskega posega oziroma zdravstvene oskrbe. Pacientu, ki neodložljivo potrebuje medicinsko pomoč za ohranitev življenjsko pomembnih funkcij ali za preprečitev nepopravljivega in hudega poslabšanja zdravstvenega stanja, pa ni sposoben za samostojno odločanje, oziroma ni sposoben izraziti svoje volje, je zdravnik upravičen in hkrati dolžan rešiti življenje oziroma odvrniti še hujšo škodo na zdravju. From the perspective of the study of physician’s liability for the error during treatment, it is important to distinguish between professional mistake and complication. Recently medical error is defined such as event which occurred in breach of the basic concepts of medical science or infringement of the obligation to the professional diligence and vigilance. Complication, however, is an event which occurs during or after treatment, which is not an accident, nor is it a professional mistake and has the effect of iatrogenic injury or illness. It occurs despite the fact that treatment was carried out with all the necessary professional care. Complications are well known and the inevitable attendant medical activities. When considering a medical error theory tended to concentrate on the examination of the issue of compliance due to diligence, that is conduct "contra legem artis", regardless of whether the liability is based on contract or delinquent. Facility in "contra legem artis", in the context of the elements of the tort arises primarily in the context of the assumptions underlying the wrongful-adverse facts but also in the context of guilt. Inadmissibly harmful fact constitutes an impermissible interference either due to patient’s non-consent, either due to breach of the professional standards. The fault is reflected in the breach of professional practice - “contra legem artis”. For physician is subject to a more stringent criterion of due to diligence - diligence of a good expert. As members of professional groups in carrying out health activities must be guided by the rules of the profession and after practice. Criterion for this purpose is the conduct of an average expert in its class, the conduct is therefore required and expected from the usual response trained physician specific specialization. In this aspect, law is assisted by a so-called abstract type of doctor with the handling of which we compare the behavior of the doctor in the present case. One of the fundamental rights of a patient is his right to decide on treatment. The legal principle of informed consent derives from the general right to self-determination. In accordance with the principle of “volenti non fit iniuria” it excludes the unlawfulness of medical interventions, under condition that the consent is legally valid and that medical treatment, on which the patient was prior informed, was carried out “legem artis”. The concept of informed consent is broken down into individual elements: revelation, understanding, voluntariness, legal sanity, and patients consent. In principle, a patient who is capable of deciding about them without his consent there shall not be allowed to perform medical intervention and health care on him. Patients who urgently need medical aid to maintain vital functions, or to prevent a serious deterioration in the health status and is not able to independently decide or not able to express their will, the doctor is entitled and obliged to save the life or prevent serious damage to their health. strokovna napaka komplikacija zaplet profesionalna skrbnost iatrogena poškodba dolžna skrbnost lege artis contra legem artis nedopustno škodljivo dejstvo krivda vzročna zveza pravno priznana škoda pravila stroke in običajev zavestna privolitev »volenti non fit inuria« professional error complication professional diligence iatrogenic damage due diligence lege artis causation legally recognized damage the rules of the profession and practice informed consent "volenti non fit inuria" true true false [A. Sevšek] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2012-06-19 11:00:59 2012-07-12 10:00:54 2022-04-21 14:21:44 2021-04-15 03:55:33 2012 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 34(043.2) 4378411 URN:SI:UM:DK:TWBXKNQH UNI_Sevsek_Ales_2012.pdf UNI_Sevsek_Ales_2012.pdf 1 3C7B21D2104DBBB7E785D1A2D44A7CCE dd537b621109910d0847213ee11cbb7b895a62dfe21344006e36ee0844dc6caa 18df6e9c-7c08-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/5f2b9bd5-6d3b-4aab-bab2-f789ab84f2dc https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=47890 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0