20.500.12556/DKUM-37408 KITAJSKA AVTOMOBILSKA INDUSTRIJA CHINESE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY Avtomobilska industrija velja za eno izmed najpomembnejših globalnih gospodarskih panog. Gre za zelo tehnološko intenzivno panogo, ki za nemoteno delovanje povezuje številne druge industrije kot na primer, kemijsko, jeklarsko, elektro-računalniško, naftno in druge. Najmočnejši avtomobilski proizvajalci so do nedavnega prihajali iz Nemčije in Združenih držav Amerike. Razmerje moči je spremenila nedavna gospodarska kriza. Recesija je na rob bankrota spravila številne velike avtomobilske proizvajalce ter njihove dobavitelje. Prav v času gospodarske krize je Kitajska prvič prehitela ameriško avtomobilsko industrijo in tako postala največji svetovni avtomobilski trg. Gospodarska kriza je močneje vplivala na razvite države zahodnega sveta, medtem ko države v razvoju, krize niso čutile tako močno, kar se je poznalo tudi v avtomobilski industriji. Pri preučevanju avtomobilske industrije naletimo na fenomen t.i. badge engineeringa. Gre za koncept izdelovanja enakih vozil pod različnimi znamkami. Proizvajalci so ugotovili, da lahko z nakupom licence modelov drugih proizvajalcev privarčujejo nepotrebne stroške razvijanja prototipov lastnih unikatnih modelov. Koncept badge engineeringa si lahko privoščijo le proizvajalci avtomobilov nižjega in pogojno srednjega razreda. Kitajsko avtomobilsko industrijo sta v moderni dobi zaznamovala dva pomembna dogodka. Leta 1994 je centralna kitajska oblast sprejela Zakon o avtomobilski industriji, sedem let po sprejetju zakona avtomobilsko industrijo zaznamuje še vstop Kitajske v svetovno trgovinsko organizacijo (WTO). Članstvo v WTO, je kitajski avtomobilski industriji doprineslo še tako potrebno konkurenčno prednost, večja konkurenca na tržišču je znižala cene produktov in prisilila kitajska podjetja v izdelovanje tehnološko bol dovršenih produktov. Na kitajskem trgu vlada tudi močna konkurenca s strani tujih avtomobilskih proizvajalcev, ki so zaradi cenejše kitajske delovne sile in posledično zmanjševanja lastnih produkcijskih stroškov selili svoje proizvodne obrate na kitajsko. Ker kitajska zakonodaja preprečuje večinsko lastništvo tujih investitorjev, so le – ti ustanovili mešana podjetja. V nalogi so predstavljeni trije največji, FAW – Volkswagen Automotive Co., GMChina, Brilliance BMW. Automotive industry is considered to be one of the most important global industries. It is a technologically extremely intensive industry connecting many other industries, such as chemical, steal, electric, IT, oil and many others, in order to ensure smooth and undisturbed operation. Not so long ago, the most important manufacturers came from Germany and the United States. However, the current economic crisis has changed the distribution of power by forcing many large car manufacturers and their suppliers to the brink of bankruptcy. It was in the time of economic crisis that China first exceeded American car industry and consequently became the largest automobile market in the world. The economic crisis has had a devastating effect on the highly developed western countries, whereas developing countries have not been so strongly affected which is apparent also in car industry. When studying automotive industry, we come across a phenomenon called badge engineering. This is basically a concept of producing the same vehicles under different names. The manufactures have realised that by buying a licence for the production of makes of other manufacturers they could save costs of developing the prototypes of their own unique models. This concept only works for the manufactures of low-end or low middle-end cars. Chinese automotive industry has been influenced by two important events in the recent years. In 1994, central Chinese government passed Automotive Industry Act, and then seven years later, China joined the World Trade Organisation. Becoming a member of the WTO, China gained a competitive advantage, the prices went down because of the bigger competition and forced China to turn out a higher quality of products. In China there is a fierce competition from foreign car manufacturers who have decided to move their production to China due to lower labour cost and with a view to decrease their production costs. Since Chinese legislation prohibits majority ownership of foreign investors, they have decided to set up joint venture companies. The paper presents three of the largest: FAW-Volkswagen Automotive CO., GMChina and Brilliance BMW. GLOBALNA GOSPODARSKA KRIZA VELIKI TRIJE TRŽNI DELEŽ WTO BADGE ENGINEERING BRUTO DOMAČ PROIZVOD IZVOZ UVOZ PRODAJA VOZIL DRŽAVNA PORABA DRŽAVE V RAZVOJU FAW DFM BAW CHERY GEELY. GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS THE BIG THREE MARKET SHARE WTO BADGE ENGINEERING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT EXPORT IMPORT CAR SALES GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FAW DFM BAW CHERY GEELY. true true false [A. Berlič] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Delo diplomskega seminarja/zaključno seminarsko delo/naloga 2012-08-29 21:42:27 2012-12-07 11:20:30 2022-04-23 23:06:56 2021-04-17 03:22:15 2012 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 338.4 11245084 URN:SI:UM:DK:DTSDA2ZN UNI_Berlic_Aleks_2012.pdf UNI_Berlic_Aleks_2012.pdf 1 CF44D36FE892D3B5DC1633F320AB6BD9 9112689160a8b0ed675c233d7598db93eea924e81eb044bd526a4f856ef65628 321f25fa-7c08-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/f9766284-ece3-4e76-a908-87404c6b3f4d https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=49268 Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta 0 0 0