20.500.12556/DKUM-39253 OD TRŽNEGA DENARJA DO FIAT VALUT FROM TIMES OF MARKET MONEY TILL FIAT CURRENCIES V prvem poglavju diplomskega dela sem predstavil teorijo o nastanku denarja kot najlikvidnejšega blaga na trgu, ki jo je razvil Carl Menger. Med prvimi je trdil, da so razlike v unovčljivosti blaga povzročile dolgoročno diferenciacijo dobrin in razvoj nekaterih vrst blaga v skupne posrednike menjave. Izvor denarja pripiše praksi trgovanja skozi katero so ljudje opazili ter izkoristili razlike v unovčljivosti dobrin. Blagovni denar v obliki zlatnikov in srebrnikov je bil stoletja glavna izbira trgovcev. Kovinski standard je služil tudi kot osnova za prvi mednarodni denarni sistem tako imenovan klasični zlati standard. Imena denarnih enot so takrat še predstavljala enoto mase zlata ali srebra v kovancih. Zaradi varnosti so trgovci pogosto uporabljali substitute blagovnega denarja ter hranili zlato in srebro v depozitnih bankah. Dokler so depozitne banke spoštovale klasično pravno načelo popolnih rezerv so bili njihovi bankovci vredni zaupanja. Vendar je večina bank posojala tudi nekrite bankovce. Ta praksa je pomenila začetek bančništva z delno rezervo. Z uzakonitvijo centralnih bank pa je postalo izdajanje bankovcev monopolizirano. Korak za korakom so bankovci izgubljali menljivost z zlatom. Sodobne fiat valute nimajo več kritja z nobeni blagovnim standardom, ampak se le posodijo v obstoj. V zadnjem poglavju sem analiziral določbe Občega državljanskega zakonika (ODZ) v zvezi z denarjem in denarnimi substituti. I begin my thesis with a presentation of theory on the origins of money. Carl Menger was among the first to point out that money developed naturally in the marketplace as the most marketable good. One of his main argument states that differences in goods marketability had caused long term distinctions between them and over time led to the development of certain types of goods as common mediums of exchange. He specifically attributes the origin of money to practice of trading through which people observed differences in goods marketability and took advantage of that. Commodity money in the form of gold and silver was for centuries the main choice for traders. Metallic standard also served as basis for the first international monetary system, so called classical gold standard. Back then names of monetary units still represented weight of gold or silver coins. For practical reasons merchant’s began using substitutes for commodity money and preferred to store their gold and silver in deposit banks. So long as banks adhered to the classical legal principal of full reserves, their banknotes were trustworthy. But most banks also lend out uncovered banknotes. This marks the beginning of fractional reserve banking. With the enactment of central banks the issue of banknotes had been monopolized. Step by step banknotes were losing gold redeem-ability. Nowadays fiat currencies are no longer tied to any commodity standard at all but are only being lent into existence. In the last chapter I have analyzed provisions of Austrian civil code which relate to money and money substitutes. Carl Menger izvor denarja unovčljivost blagovni denar klasični zlati standard načelo popolnih rezerv depozitne banke zlato srebro bankovci bančništvo z delno rezervo centralne banke fiat valute ODZ Carl Menger origin of money marketability commodity money classical gold standard full reserve principle deposit banks gold silver banknotes fractional reserve banking central banks fiat currencies Austrian civil code true true false [R. Zevnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2012-12-14 17:57:22 2013-01-09 14:28:30 2022-05-04 14:15:45 2021-04-21 03:38:17 2012 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 336.74(043.2) 4480299 URN:SI:UM:DK:LSFERZZT UNI_Zevnik_Robert_2012.pdf UNI_Zevnik_Robert_2012.pdf 1 C1B70E90E8A8B114F12DD19CB6821C61 6fb60d4cd57787298017a4a1af990c89ac48ac2a6704f5e6ef79e8faea3e3dd6 1934f48c-7c09-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/a9edf418-0d1e-4bf7-a561-f4f0a8bc890e https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=52973 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0