20.500.12556/DKUM-41557 Balkanski bojevnik : zmaga ali poraz pravne države? Balkanski bojevnik je eden največjih in najzahtevnejših sodnih primerov na slovenskem, ki poleg učinkovitosti sodišč ter sodnih postopkov vzbuja še mnoga vprašanja. V zadevi je bilo obtoženih 17 pripadnikov mednarodne kriminalne združbe, ki se je ukvarjala s proizvodnjo in prometom prepovedanih drog - kokaina. Sodba je bila obsodilna za štiri člane združbe – kurirje, domnevno vodstvo in ostali člani pa so bili zaradi izločitve (ekskluzije) tako tujih (ključnih) kot slovenskih dokazov oproščeni obtožbe, ker so jim bile v predkazenskem postopku kršene temeljne človekove pravice. Na dokaze, ki so pridobljeni z nedopustnimi posegi v človekove pravice, se po Zakonu o kazenskem postopku sodba ne sme opreti. Na eni strani imamo torej nedvomno storjena kazniva dejanja, na drugi pa nezakonito pridobljene dokaze. S tem se je sprožilo vprašanje, ali je Slovenija pravna država oziroma ali je pravna država za vse enaka. Diplomsko delo se natančneje dotika vprašanja, ali sodba sodišča prve stopnje v zadevi Balkanski bojevnik pomeni zmago ali poraz pravne države opredeljuje skozi človekove pravice kot enega izmed mnogih (čedalje bolj pomembnih) področij delovanja pravne države. Razčlenili smo pravico do (komunikacijske) zasebnosti in pravico do poštenega sojenja, ki sta se kot ključni izpostavili v kazenskem postopku. Ugotovili smo, da pravica do poštenega sojenja s svojim širokim spektrom ustavnih procesnih jamstev predstavlja eno ključnih prvin pravne države, ki jo v največjem obsegu zagotavlja sodna veja oblasti. Še več, sodišča imajo preko svojih sodb velik vpliv na percepcijo javnosti o pravni državi, kar se je izkazalo tudi v zadevi Balkanski bojevnik, ko se je po odmevni razsodbi hitro izoblikovalo vprašanje enakopravnosti in učinkovitosti pravne države. Z analizo sodbe v luči človekovih pravic smo naposled ugotovili, da je sodba zadostila standardom pravne države, da pa Slovenija s takšno oprostilno sodbo ne more biti porok varnosti, s čemer naj bi se med drugim identificrala pravna država. Postopek bi se lahko zaključil tudi z obsodilno sodbo, kar bi pomenilo večjo pravičnost v naši državi, toda bo za to potrebno razmisliti ne samo v smeri mednarodnega sodelovanja pri pregonu tovrstne kriminalitete, temveč tudi v smeri vzpostavitve skupnih standardov za izvrševanje preiskovalnih dejanj, da lahko zaupamo tujim dokazom. Pravna država se mora ob spoštovanju ustavnih človekovih pravic s poklicno učinkovitostjo policije truditi, da bi uspela udejaniti določbe materialnega prava. Kršenje človekovih pravic ne more biti sredstvo za udejanjanje materialnega kazenskega prava. V nasprotnem bomo še naprej imeli (nevarne) storilce kot so Balkanski bojevniki in dokaze, da so storili kaznivo dejanje, vendar ti dokazi ne bodo imeli nobene vrednosti, saj so pridobljeni nezakonito in jih bo sodišče oprostilo obtožbe. The Balkan Warrior has been one of the most notable and demanding court cases in Slovenia testing the efficiency of courts and court procedures. It gave rise to many questions. In the Balkan Warrior Case, 17 members of international criminal organization were indicted. The organization was known for producing and trafficking illegal drugs. The court verdict found four members of the organisation guilty (i.e. couriers) while the alleged leadership and other members of the organization were acquitted due to exclusion of key foreign and Slovene evidence and due to infringement of basic human rights during the pre-trial procedure. According to Criminal Procedure Act evidence obtained by inadmissible procedures infringing human rights cannot be used at Court. This case demonstrates the coexistence of criminal acts on one side and illegally obtained evidence on the other. This thesis investigates two questions: whether there is rule of law in Slovenia and whether the law is indiscriminative, the same for all. The thesis focuses on two questions, i.e. whether the First Level Court verdict in the case of the Balkan warrior means victory or defeat of the rule of law, and also on human rights as one of the most important areas of the rule of law. We also analyzed two crucial elements exposed in the court procedure: the right to (communication) privacy and the right to a fair trial. It was established that the right to a fair trial provided mainly by a state with its broad spectrum of constitutional procedural guarantees represents one of the key elements of the legal state. In addition, courts through their verdicts have major influence on public perception of the rule of law. This became obvious in the case of the Balkan Warrior, which raised questions regarding equality and efficiency of a legal state. Following the analysis of the verdict focusing on human rights, we concluded that the verdict did satisfy the standards of rule of law. However, the acquittal verdict proved that Slovenia is not a guarantor of safety, which identifies a legal state. The court procedure could have ended up with the guilty verdict, which would have represented higher level of justice in our country. We should consider improvement in international cooperation regarding criminal prosecution and establishment of common standards in implementation of international investigation in order to treat foreign evidence with more confidence. The legal State must try to fulfill provisions of substantive law with professional attitude of the police force whilst respecting human rights provided by the Constitution. Infringement of human rights does not lead to realisation of substantive law. Contrary to that, (dangerous) offenders, such as the Balkan Warriors, and clear criminal evidence proving the guilt of the suspects, will continue to persist in our society. The evidence obtained on inadmissible basis will remain to have no validity at courts. pravna država človekove pravice kazenski postopek sojenje pošteno sojenje pravica do zasebnosti primeri analize diplomske naloge true true false V. Cvijanović] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2013-08-30 13:02:25 2013-11-21 17:32:38 2022-05-05 03:07:22 2021-04-25 03:25:57 2013 0 [Ljubljana 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.1(043.2) 2691306 URN:SI:UM:DK:WXEV5YTZ UNI_Cvijanovic_Viktor_2013.pdf UNI_Cvijanovic_Viktor_2013.pdf 1 BB8DAB73418A358320B414B4A1E7E6F6 d76bc39ff54251b0ead727f9b9b33bcb649833ec065fbd40f39c48989491e293 4701f667-7c0a-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=58301 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0