20.500.12556/DKUM-42654 Uporaba Reidove tehnike in pojav zmotnih priznanj : diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varstvoslovje Pri preiskovanju kaznivega dejanja velja priznanje osumljenca za daleč najmočnejši dokaz, do katerega se poskušajo priti zasliševalci s pomočjo različnih tehnik. Kar ni sporno, v kolikor uporaba teh tehnik ne krši človekovih pravic, storilec pa je kaznivo dejanje resnično storil. Namen uporabe zasliševalske tehnike je torej dokazati vpletenost v očitano dejanje. Problem nastane pri zmotnih priznanjih, ko osumljenec prizna dejanje, ki ga nikoli ni storil. Tovrstni primeri iz leta v leto naraščajo. Kot pravi Zalman (2012), naj bi po statistikah vsako leto obsodili 2000 nedolžnih. Zasliševalci z uporabo sile ali grožnje ter s psihološko manipulacijo pripravijo osumljenca do navedbe priznanja. Ena izmed kontroverznih tehnik, s katero zasliševalci izsilijo priznanje, je Reidova tehnika, ki je v ZDA globoko zakoreninjena v pravni sistem države in tudi zelo priznana. Čeprav je bilo narejenih veliko raziskav, ki so pokazale neučinkovitost te tehnike in so zato njeni ustanovitelji tarča kritik, je njena izkoreninjenost najverjetneje predmet daljne prihodnosti. Rdeča nit diplomske naloge so zmotna priznanja s poudarkom na Reidovi tehniki zasliševanja. Prikazati želim kritični pristop do omenjene tehnike in posledice, ki sledijo v primerih zmotnih priznanj. Opisanih je nekaj primerov, pri katerih je bila uporabljena obravnavana tehnika, s pomočjo katere so zasliševalci od osumljencev pridobili lažna priznanja. Na kratko se bom posvetila primerjavi z drugo tehniko oziroma metodo, ki jo zasliševalci uporabljajo v postopkih zaslišanja. Metoda PEACE model je uveljavljena v Veliki Britaniji. Nekaj pozornosti sem v diplomski nalogi namenila tudi temu, da bi si morala država prizadevati za zmanjšanje primerov zmotnih priznanj oziroma v kolikor se tovrstni primeri odkrijejo, ustrezno poskrbeti za žrtve pravnega sistema. Človek, ki je obsojen na zaporno kazen, se namreč po oprostitvi srečuje z mnogimi težavami, tako finančnimi kot psihičnimi. V ta namen je bila v ZDA leta 1992 ustanovljena neprofitna organizacija, imenovana The Innocent Project. Namen te organizacije je pomoč nedolžno obsojenim pri odkrivanju napak, storjenih v postopkih zaslišanja, ki so privedle do zmotnega priznanja. To dokazujejo s pomočjo DNK analiz, prav tako pa jim nudijo tudi druge storitve, ki jih potrebujejo pri ponovni resocializaciji (socialne in zdravstvene storitve, usposabljanje za delo ...). When examination of criminal act admission of the suspect is far the strongest proof which has to be reached by different techniques of interrogators. This is not disputable if their using does not violate human rights and the offender has really caused the criminal act. The purpose of using the interrogative technique is to prove the inclusion into the reproached act. The problem appears with wrong confessions when the suspect admits the act, which he has never done. These cases have been growing through years, as Zalman says (2012), 2000 innocent people could be accused every year according to the statistics. The interrogators prepare the suspect with force or threat and psycological manipulation to confess. One of the controversial techniques when interrogators force the confession is called the Reid technique which has its deep roots in the legal system and it is also very respected. Even though a lot of research has been done to prove its inefficiency and its founders are targets for criticism, the fact that it is rooted out is probably a subject of farfetched future. The focus of the diploma thesis has been wrong confessions based on Reid technique of interrogation. I would like to present a critical approach to the mentioned technique and the consequences, which follow in cases of real wrong confession. There are a few examples described with the mentioned technique where the interrogators wanted the fake confessions. I will focus shortly on the other completely different technique or method which interrogators use in cases of interrogation (the method PEACE), which is established in the UK. Some of my focus was targeted to the state, which should try to lower the cases of wrong confessions and it should take care of people who are victims of such legal system. The person who spends some time in prison faces with financial and psychological problems. An organization in the USA has been established in 1992 named The Innocent Project. The purpose of the organization helps to discover the mistakes done to the innocently convicted in the processes of interrogation. These are proved with DNA tests as well as with other services; maybe for resocialization (social and health care, training for work …). zasliševanje metode Reidova tehnika zmotna priznanja diplomske naloge true true false H. Petrina] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2013-10-02 16:17:19 2013-12-05 10:32:48 2022-05-07 03:07:55 2021-04-27 03:21:53 2013 0 [Ljubljana 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 159.9:340.6(043.2) 2703338 URN:SI:UM:DK:V9OAEJNC VS_Petrina_Helena_2013.pdf VS_Petrina_Helena_2013.pdf 1 9C8BE62CC7E9513BDE066A68B8F6DBD7 f2b9a0cba2d362bbe6267282453f94f5a2dec183531c33d3f439f411afadad37 78036c8c-7c0a-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=59846 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0