20.500.12556/DKUM-42729 Vpliv intenzivnosti in načina reje ter velikosti črede na lastnosti mlečnosti pri lisasti pasmi Effect of breeding intensity, housing system and herd size on milk production in Simmental breed V diplomski nalogi proučujemo vpliv načina reje v poletnem času (hlevska reja, paša), intenzivnosti reje, velikosti črede ter spreminjanja velikosti črede na lastnosti mlečnosti v obdobju od 2004 do 2012. V raziskavo vključujemo 258 kmetij z območja kmetijsko-gozdarskega zavoda Ptuj, kjer prevladujejo krave lisaste pasme. Rezultati niso pokazali bistvenih razlik med hlevsko in pašno rejo, razen v primeru velikih čred (> 15 krav), kjer je bila pri hlevski reji mlečnost za 180 kg višja kot na paši. Pri proučevanju vpliva velikosti črede opazimo trend povečevanja mlečnosti s povečevanjem velikosti črede. Med majhnimi (< 10 krav) in srednje velikimi rejami (10–14 krav) ni bilo statistično značilnih razlik v količini prirejenega mleka, velike reje (> 15 krav) pa so v primerjavi z obojimi imele 500 kg več prirejenega mleka v standardni laktaciji. Vsebnost maščob je največja v majhnih in najmanjša v velikih rejah, vsebnost beljakovin pa ravno obratno največja v velikih rejah. Vpliv intenzivnosti reje se odraža zlasti v deležu beljakovin, ki je bil višji na kmetijah z večjo mlečnostjo. Glede na spreminjanje velikosti črede, kot ugotavljamo, je najvišje mlečnosti opaziti v čredah, ki so stalež povečale, najnižje pa v čredah, ki so ohranile nespremenjen stalež. Pri čredah, ki so v proučevanem obdobju število krav zmanjševale, opazimo tudi nižji delež maščob in večje število molznih dni. The aim of the graduation thesis was to study the effect of housing during summer (indoor, grazing) breeding intensity, herd size and herd size changing on milk characteristics in the period 2004-2012. The study comprised 258 dairy farms (with mainly Simmental cows) from the area of Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry – Institute Ptuj. No significant differences were observed between the indoor and grazing system, except for bigger herds (>15 cows), where milk production was 180 kg higher in the indoor system. In case of herd size higher milk yield was related to higher number of cows. There was no differences in milk yield between small (<10 cows) and medium herds (10-14 cows), while bigger herds had 500 kg higher standard lactation milk yield compared to other two groups. The highest fat percentage was associated with the smallest herds and the lowest with the biggest herds. In case of protein percentage the situation was opposite, i.e. the highest protein percentage was observed in the biggest herds. The effect of intensity was reflected mainly in the protein percentage and was higher on farms with bigger milk production. Regarding the herd size changing, milk production was the highest in herds with increased number of cows and the lowest in case of unchanged number of cows. In herds with reduced number of animals within studied period, lower fat content and number of milking days was observed. govedoreja lisasta pasma sistem reje lastnosti mlečnosti cattle breeding Simmental breed housing system milk characteristics true true false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2013-10-09 17:45:46 2013-10-30 07:14:23 2022-05-08 03:05:39 2021-04-14 03:39:45 2013 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 URN:SI:UM:DK:OF7CQSS2 UNI_Skok_Matic_2013.pdf UNI_Skok_Matic_2013.pdf 1 71B24A9B86434DD2F855B8A4ED6FA564 5885c3927890388508bcd0c0355ce8f98285ae130bce8acbfa24145b31c4958c c3e48859-7c07-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=60012 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede 0 0 0