20.500.12556/DKUM-42742 NANOS FORMULACIJE HITOZANA IN EKSTRAKTA GRANATNEGA JABOLKA NA POLI(ETILEN TEREFTALAT) (PET) APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN AND POMEGRANATE EXTRACT FORMULATION ON TO POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) Poli(etilen tereftalat) (PET) je najpogostejša vrsta poliestra in se vse pogosteje uporablja pri pakiranju, embaliranju in drugih potrošniških izdelkih. Njegova prednost je varnost, prozornost, lahkost, preglednost, vendar poteka njegova razgradnja zelo počasi. Zaradi vse večje okoljske in zdravstvene ozaveščenosti ljudi, je prišlo do zanimanja na področju funkcionalizacijskih postopkov embalažnih materialov. Pri funkcionalizacijskih postopkih se vedno bolj uporabljajo snovi oz. fomulacije, ki so naravne, biorazgradljive in okolju prijazne, vendar morajo hkrati s tem izkazovati antioksidativne in protimikrobne lastnosti. Eden izmed atraktivnih in uporabnih reagentov, ki deluje protimikrobno, je hitozan, ki spada med naravne polisaharide in je pridobljen iz hitina. Njegove protimikrobne lastnosti so pogojene z različnimi dejavniki, predvsem pa so odvisne od njegovih amino skupin, katere inhibirajo rast patogenih bakterij. Za izboljšanje antioksidativnosti se uporabljajo naravne snovi, ki že imajo dokazano antioksidativno aktivnost. Tem kriterijem ustreza tudi granatno jabolko (Punicagranatum L.), ki deluje antikancerogeno in protivnetno. Cilj naše diplomske naloge je bil nanos nove aditivne formulacije hitozana in ekstrakta granatnega jabolka na poli(etilen tereftalat) folijo, da bi dosegli izboljšano protimikrobno delovanje in antioksidativno lastnost površin folij. Nanos smo izvedli s tehniko potapljanja očiščene folije poli(etilen tereftalata) v različne kombinacije obeh raztopin. Vezavo spojin ter vpliv različnih vezav teh spojin na poli(etilen tereftalat) smo dokazovali z metodo FTIR in XPS tehniko. Z metodo TN na folijah smo določali celokupni dušik v folijah. Prav tako nas je zanimalo sproščanje oz. spiranje molekul z obdelane poli(etilen tereftalat) folije, kar smo analizirali s tehniko HPLC in TOC/TN. Protimikrobnost smo opredelili s standardno tehniko ASTM E 2149-01, medtem ko smo antioksidativnost določili z ABTS testom. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most commonly used type of polyester. It is widely spread and used for beverage, food and liquid containers as well as other packaging. Its main benefits are safety, transparency, and low weight. Slow degradation, however, is its drawback. Due to the increasing ecological and health awareness people have started to show interest in the field of the functionalization procedures concerning packaging. In the functionalization procedures we use materials or formulations that are not only natural, bio-degradable and environmentally friendly but also have antioxidant and antimicrobic properties. One of the attractive and useful reagents that also have antimicrobic properties is Chitosan. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from chitin. Its antimicrobic properties depend on several factors, primarily on amino groups, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In order to improve the antioxidative properties we use natural substances with proved antioxidative activity. The Pomegranate (Punicagranatum L.) fits the criteria and also has anticancerogenic and anti-inflammatory actions. The purpose of the thesis was to apply the new additive formulation of Chitosan and an extract of Pomegranate to the Poly(ethylene terephthalate) foil in order to achieve better antimicrobic and antioxidant surface properties of the PET foil. We applied our substances to the purified PET foil by diving it into several different combinations of both solutions. The FTIR method and the XPS technique were used in order to determine the binding of the compounds and the impact of the different bindings on the Poly(ethylene terephthalate) foil. The TN method was implied to determine the amount of total nitrogen in the foils. In addition to that we were interested in how the molecules were liberated or washed from the treated PET foil. This mechanism was analyzed using the HPLC and the TOC/TN techniques. The antimicrobic properties were analyzed using the standard ASTM E 2149-01 technique, whereas the antioxidative properties were determined with the ABTS test. Hitozan PET protimikrobnost antioksidativno delovanje ATR FTIR XPS Chitosan PET antimicrobic properties antioxidative activity ATR FTIR XPS true true false [S. Domanjko] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2013-10-10 21:19:43 2013-11-06 12:16:27 2022-05-08 03:05:43 2021-04-27 03:37:15 2013 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 678.742.2(043.2) 17635606 URN:SI:UM:DK:SAP5FQIO UNI_Domanjko_Sandra_2013.pdf UNI_Domanjko_Sandra_2013.pdf 1 E755E1AC594F882ED41816D2C5E1B190 4461a7352501a3f82300b2dce6775f213bde3376ff29e805f1806802e7d4a7c2 80e795ca-7c08-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=60385 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0