20.500.12556/DKUM-44713 Redke zemlje in njihov vpliv na napredne tehnologije, mednarodno trgovino in logistiko Rare earths and their impact on advanced technologies, international trade and logistics Redke zemlje sodijo v skupino kemijskih elementov, ki zaradi svojih specifičnih lastnosti in ob upoštevanju vseh ekoloških standardov, izredno zahtevnega in dragega pridobivanja, predstavljajo temelj vsem naprednim tehnologijam. Brez njih si ne bi mogli predstavljati današnjega življenja. Nahajajo se v računalniških diskih, prenosnih telefonih, LCD-zaslonih, avtomobilskih baterijah, elektromotorjih … Viri redkih zemelj so omejeni. Njihovo izkoriščanje je zaradi velike razpršenosti redkokje ekonomsko smiselno. Največji dobavitelj redkih zemelj je Kitajska, ki pa je obenem postala tudi njihov največji porabnik. S povečanim povpraševanjem so se pričele težave z dobavami. V letu 2011 je povpraševanje tako naraslo, da je preseglo ponudbo. Kitajska je zelo omejila izvoz in si s tem prislužila tožbo Svetovne trgovinske organizacije. Ostalim državam porabnicam redkih zemelj ni preostalo drugega kot nemudoma najti nove vire ali pa proizvodnjo preseliti na Kitajsko. Obstaja kar nekaj možnosti izkoriščanja novih virov, ki pa niso dosegljivi takoj. Potrebnih je kar nekaj let raziskav, da bodo novi viri primerni za izkoriščanje. Trenutno najbolj priročen vir in rešitev je recikliranje. Znanstveniki, tudi slovenski, na čelu z dr. Spomenko Kobe, pospešeno iščejo alternative redkim zemljam. Zaradi njihove velike pomembnosti v vrednostni verigi jih je evropska komisija uvrstila na seznam kritičnih surovin. Rare earths belong to the group of chemical elements. Due to their specific characteristics and extremely demanding and costly acquisition they have become the basis for all advanced technologies. Today one could not imagine life without them. They are in computer discs, cell phones, LCD-screens, car batteries, electric motors… Sources of rare earths are limited and the exploitation is due to their wide dispersion rarely economically reasonable. The largest producer of rare earths is China who at the same time became the largest consumer of them. The increasing demand for the raw material caused problems with supplies. In year 2011 the demand was so high that it actually exceeded the supply. China limited the export to such an extent that the International Trade Organization brought an action against it. Other countries consumers of rare earths had no choice but find new sources immediately or move their productions to China. There are other options of exploiting new sources, they however, are not immediately available. It takes several years of research before new sources become suitable for exploitation, so the most convenient source and solution at the moment is recycling. Scientists, also Slovenian led by Spomenka Kobe, PhD, are increasingly seeking alternatives to rare earths. Due to their great importance in the value chain, rare earths were put on the list of critical raw materials by the European Commission. redke zemlje napredne tehnologije obnovljivi viri energije recikliranje. rare earths advanced tehnologies renewable energy recycling true true false [E. Kac] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2014-06-17 14:34:46 2014-08-20 15:46:02 2022-05-13 03:07:31 2021-04-30 03:19:18 2014 0 Celje 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 339.5 512582205 URN:SI:UM:DK:HIJZHJP5 MAG_Kac_Edita_2014.pdf MAG_Kac_Edita_2014.pdf 1 FFBCC220A6D5CCA9E51BFE3067478F07 d3914105d292f48aaab2605b380cc3996d74731bfc8b9d7703bf0b57385aea12 f1f6c10b-7c0a-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=64548 Fakulteta za logistiko 0 0 0