20.500.12556/DKUM-44899 Presoja blaginjskih učinkov razmer na trgu prašičev v Sloveniji s pomočjo linearnega tržnega modela delnega ravnovesja The Assessment of the Welfare Effects of the Situation on the Pig Market in Slovenia Using a Linear Partial Equilibrium Market Model Ekonomiko blaginje uporabljajo analitiki za določitev ekonomske učinkovitosti razdelitve virov in za ugotavljanje primernosti poseganja na trge. Ta tehnika s pomočjo metode rent proučuje učinke sprememb na trgu določene dobrine, zato jo agrarni ekonomisti uporabljajo za presojo učinkov kmetijske politike. Z ekonomiko blaginje lahko ocenjujemo, kdo pridobiva in kdo izgublja, pa naj je to ali zaradi neuspeha na trgu ali zaradi vladnega poseganja na trg določene dobrine. Metoda loči tri osnovne družbene skupine, proizvajalce, potrošnike in davkoplačevalce oziroma proračun, ter proučuje koristi ali izgube teh skupin ob določenem stanju na trgu. Z metodo rent se poskuša odgovoriti na vprašanje, ali se javna sredstva od potrošnikov in davkoplačevalcev prenašajo k pridelovalcem z večjo ali manjšo izgubo ekonomske učinkovitosti. Slovensko slovstvo na področju kmetijskih ved ne pozna veliko del, ki bi poglobljeno uporabljala ekonomiko blaginje in teorijo rent. Magistrsko delo vsebuje pregled teorije o ekonomiki blaginje in njene uporabe pri proučevanju razmer na kmetijskih trgih. Predstavljen je slovenski trg prašičjega mesa, kjer so ekonomski vplivi neugodni in razmere na trgu nepredvidljive. V magistrskem delu smo razvili preprost linearni, a izvirni model delnega ravnovesja, ki omogoča ocenjevanje rent udeležencev na trgu proučevane dobrine, ki v Sloveniji za tovrstne analize še ni bila uporabljena. Vsebinsko tako nismo zasledili obravnave pristopnih učinkov na kmetijstvo. Potrdili smo, da je metoda ekonomike blaginje praktično orodje, ki odločevalcem v politiki omogoča hiter in enostaven prikaz, kdo od udeležencev na obravnavanem trgu in koliko v določeni situaciji pridobi ali izgubi, torej kdo ima zaradi sprememb na trgu ali zaradi vladne politike pozitivne in kdo negativne rente, v kakšni višini ter kakšna je skupna blaginja. V magistrskem delu so prikazane rente, ki so jih bili deležni prašičerejci, potrošniki prašičjega mesa in davkoplačevalci (državni poračun) v obdobju od leta 2000 do leta 2012. Rente so prikazane v treh ključnih obdobjih: pred vstopom Slovenije v Evropsko unijo od leta 2000 do leta 2003, v času po vstopu v Evropsko unijo od leta 2004 do leta 2007 in v času ekonomske krize od leta 2008 do leta 2012. V obdobju od leta 2000 do leta 2003 so bili prašičerejci deležni največjih rent, nasprotno so imeli potrošniki največje izgube, skupna učinkovitost prenosa sredstev porabnikov na prašičerejce pa je bila negativna. To so negativni učinki zaščite domačega trga z doseganjem višjih cen. Potrošniki so rente prašičerejcev in proračuna plačali z manjšim povpraševanjem in s pokrivanjem proizvodnih stroškov, povezanih z dodatno pridelavo. V obdobju od leta 2004 do leta 2007 so bili slovenski prašičerejci deležni manjših rent, potrošniki pa so imeli manjše izgube. Ekonomska učinkovitost prenosa sredstev porabnikov na prašičerejce je bila spet negativna. V zadnjem obravnavanem obdobju od leta 2008 do leta 2012 se je uvoz prašičjega mesa v Slovenijo zelo povečal, zaradi nižjih cen pa so imeli slovenski prašičerejci negativne rente oziroma izgube. V tem obdobju je bil, zaradi minimalnih razlik v cenah, vpliv na skupno blaginjo nevtralen oziroma je bila ekonomska učinkovitost prenosa sredstev med skupinami udeležencev neznatna. Breme situacije v tretjem obdobju nosijo prašičerejci, saj proizvedejo manj in po nižji ceni. Welfare economics is used by analysts to determine the economic efficiency of source distribution and to assess the appropriateness of the intervention in the markets. This practice by means of the surplus method is used to examine the effects of changes in the market of specified goods, thus it is used by agricultural economists to assess the effects of agricultural policy. Using the welfare economics we can estimate, who is gaining and who is losing, whether the situation is due to failure in the market or because of government's interference in the market for certain goods. The method distinguishes three basic groups: producers, consumers and taxpayers or the budget and examines the benefits or losses of these groups at a given state in the market. The surplus method is trying to answer the question of whether public funds from consumers and taxpayers are transmitted to producers with a greater or lesser loss of economic efficiency. In the field of agricultural sciences Slovenian literature is not familiar with many in-depth papers, which would apply the welfare economics and the theory of surpluses. The thesis contains an overview of the theory of welfare economics and its application when studying a specific situation in agricultural markets. Furthermore, the attention is paid to Slovenian pork market and its unfavourable economic impacts and unpredictable market conditions. In the thesis a simple linear, yet an original partial equilibrium model was developed, which allows evaluation of participants’ surpluses in the market of certain goods, and which has not yet been used in Slovenia for this kind of analysis. In this respect, we did not find any written discussions about accession effects on agriculture. We confirmed that the method of welfare economics is a practical tool, which allows decision makers in politics determine who of the participants in a specific situation in the specific market wins or loses and how much, hence showing who has positive and who negative surpluses due to changes in the market or government policy, what is the total amount of surpluses and of the common welfare. The thesis represents the surpluses, which have been given to pig farmers, pork consumers and taxpayers (national budget) in the period from 2000 to 2012. The surpluses are displayed in three key periods: before, that is from 2000 to 2003, and after the accession of Slovenia into the European Union from 2004 to 2007, and in the time of economic crisis from 2008 to 2012. During the period from 2000 to 2003 pig farmers received the largest surpluses while the consumers suffered the highest losses. The total efficiency of the transfer of consumers' funds to pig farmers, however, was negative. These are the negative effects on protecting domestic markets by achieving higher prices. The surpluses of pig farmers were paid by consumers through lower demands and covering production costs associated with additional production. In the period from 2004 to 2007 Slovenian pig farmers received smaller amounts of surpluses and consumers had smaller losses. The economic efficiency of the transfer of consumers' funds to pig farmers was once again negative. In the last period from 2008 to 2012, the imports of pork into Slovenia increased significantly, but due to lower prices, however, Slovenian pig farmers had negative surpluses or losses. During this period the impact on common welfare was neutral due to minimal differences in prices, respectively, the economic efficiency of the transfer of funds between groups of participants was insignificant. The biggest burden of the situation in the third period fell on pig farmers, who produced less and at a lower price. ekonomika blaginje renta trg prašičjega mesa ekonomski učinki na blaginjo modeli delnega ravnovesja welfare economics surplus pork market economic effects on welfare partial equilibrium models true true false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo 2014-07-01 22:54:56 2014-07-24 10:20:46 2022-05-14 03:06:27 2021-04-30 03:20:55 2014 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 URN:SI:UM:DK:QUMHYSUA MAG_Tusar_Irena_2014.pdf MAG_Tusar_Irena_2014.pdf 1 ABBC2900FD9CD2A163E2BB8DDF987D7A 33bca8d567f9a5e1f80ae50fc1169a8a362844af0db3fedd4cfff10ddd25c5a0 f6e9b26b-7c0a-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=64702 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede 0 0 0