20.500.12556/DKUM-46042 RAZISKAVA PRETVORBE NATRIJEVEGA SILIKATA IZ AMORFNE V KRISTALINIČNO STRUKTURO STUDY OF TRANSFORMATION OF SODIUM SILICATE FROM AMORPHOUS TO CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE Gradniki so poleg surfaktantov najpomembnejša sestavina pralnih praškov. Njihova vloga je mehčanje vode z izločanjem kalcijevih in magnezijevih ionov, ki povzročajo trdoto vode. Tako pripravijo okolje, potrebno za učinkovito delovanje surfaktantov, ker le-ti slabo delujejo v trdi vodi. Surfaktanti so ključni pri procesu pranja, saj zmanjšujejo površinsko napetost vode in omogočajo omočitev površine. Dandanes se v industriji pralnih praškov uporabljajo ekološko prijazni zeoliti v kombinaciji z drugimi gradniki. Razvoj pralnih sredstev gre v smeri uporabe vodnih stekel, natančneje natrijevega disilikata, ki se je izkazal kot multifunkcionalni gradnik za proizvodnjo kompaktnejšega detergenta in je poleg tega tudi biorazgradljiv material. V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na kapaciteto ionske izmenjave in fazne pretvorbe natrijevega disilikata. S kalciniranjem smo pridobili kristalinični natrijev disilikat, ki smo ga poimenovali plastni silikat Silkem (PSS). Proučili smo vpliv temperature in nasipne teže materiala na Ca- in Mg-kapaciteto. Kapaciteto smo povezali z nastankom posameznih faz, ki so jih pokazale analize rentgenske praškovne difrakcije. In addition to surfactants, builders are the main components of washing powders. Their role is to soften water by eliminating calcium and magnesium ions that cause water hardness. They prepare the environment necessary for the efficient operation of surfactants, which are functioning poorly in hard water. Surfactants have key role in the washing process, reducing the surface tension of water and allowing wetting of the surface. Nowadays, the washing powder formulations use ecologically friendly zeolites in combination with other builders. But the development of detergents leads to water glass, in particular sodium disilicate, which has proved to be a multifunctional builder for the production of compact detergent. Moreover, it is a biodegradable material. In the thesis, we focused on the ion exchange capacity and phase transitions of sodium disilicate. By calcination, we obtained crystalline sodium disilicate, which we called layered silicate Silkem (PSS). We have studied the temperature and bulk weight of the material on Ca- and Mg-capacity. Capacity was associated with the formation of particular phases, which were revealed by X-ray powder diffraction. silikati vodno steklo natrijev disilikat kalciniranje Ca- in Mg-kapaciteta rentgenska praškovna difrakcija termogravimetrična analiza silicates water glass sodium disilicate calcination Ca- and Mg-capacity X-ray diffraction thermogravimetric analysis true true false [M. Kociper] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2014-09-10 20:31:05 2014-09-22 19:53:35 2022-05-17 03:10:03 2021-05-03 03:22:42 2014 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 543.32:543.395(043.2) 18218006 URN:SI:UM:DK:F6OAYHAL UNI_Kociper_Matej_2014.pdf UNI_Kociper_Matej_2014.pdf 1 4C5CD6A3EC28500D9FBDCB069293D09E 67bd70d33edae9658d8af1c5a926531f3257d6dcaf473439bb261515d7d8c322 424ad169-7c0b-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=67455 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0