20.500.12556/DKUM-54343 PRAVNI POLOŽAJ ROMSKIH OTROK PRI IZOBRAŽEVANJU V PREKMURJU THE LEGAL POSITION OF ROMA CHILDREN AT EDUCATION IN PREKMURJE Republika Slovenija vlaga precej naporov v vključevanje Romov v vrtce in obvezno šolo in v njihovo integracijo v večinsko kulturo na splošno. Predšolski otroci Romov so v slovenske vrtce vključeni na tri načine. Največ jih je integriranih v običajne oddelke. Kljub vsemu je značilen majhen delež romskih otrok, vključenih že v predšolsko vzgojo v vrtcih. Država posebej obravnava in šolam za vzgojo in izobraževanje romskih učencev priznava določene ugodnosti, ki jih bom deloma v nadaljevanju tudi predstavila. V okviru Zavoda Republike Slovenije za šolstvo deluje študijska skupina učiteljev, ki poučujejo romske učence. Žal pa je izstop učencev Romov iz šolskega sistema že v osnovni šoli nesorazmerno velik. Osnovna težava je neznanje slovenskega jezika, sledi nestalen obisk oz. izostajanje od pouka in na splošno učna neuspešnost. Nizka izobrazbena raven Romov v kombinaciji z drugačnimi življenjskimi navadami in pogoji ne omogoča enostavnih rešitev na področju sistema vzgoje in izobraževanja. Delež otrok, ki končajo osnovnošolsko izobraževanje, še vedno ostaja nizek, kar vpliva na potrebe po nadaljevanju motivacije za izobraževanje tudi odraslih Romov. Ključni problemi, ki so v dosedanjih konceptih ostali nerešeni, so: inkluzija ali vključevanje proti segregaciji; jezik, kultura in identiteta; neprilagojena organizacija dela; nizka pričakovanja glede šolske uspešnosti romskih otrok (odnos do izobraževanja in nespodbudno domače okolje); neupoštevanje socialno-kulturnih in drugih okoliščin; razvrščanje romskih otrok v šole s prilagojenim programom. Nikakor ne gre prezreti, da na kakovost in možnosti izobraževanja romskih otrok zelo vplivajo tudi specifična identiteta in kultura družbe ter pogoji njihovega življenja, na katere vrtec ali šola navsezadnje ne moreta vplivati neposredno. Zato je za izvajanje strategije vzgoje in izobraževanja ter izboljševanje položaja tam, kjer ni zadovoljiv, nujno vključevanje in koordinirano delovanje vseh relevantnih državnih inštitucij. Ministrstvo RS za šolstvo, znanost in šport se je za reševanje vprašanj, ki presegajo problematiko izobraževanja, vendar pa na izobraževanje vplivajo, povezalo z drugimi resornimi ministrstvi, predvsem z Ministrstvom za zdravje ter z Ministrstvom RS za delo, družino in socialne zadeve. Ministrstvo je sodelovalo s slednjim ministrstvom predvsem na naslednjih področjih: pri možnostih za prejemanje socialnih in družinskih pomoči v funkcionalni obliki, programi javnih del v povezavi z izobraževanjem, štipendiranje in programi usposabljanja za poklice. Prav tako bo še naprej podpiralo raziskovalne in razvojne projekte, ki podpirajo ukrepe v skladu s to strategijo. Zveza Romov Slovenije je sodelovala pri celotni pripravi strateškega dokumenta. Prav tako bo sodelovala pri poučevanju in učenju romskega jezika, zgodovine in kulture, pri pripravi gradiv in pri vseh drugih oblikah in načinih izobraževanja. Izboljšanje položaja Romov v Evropi se uvršča med prednostne naloge uresničevanja programov odprave socialne izključenosti in socialne kohezije ter odprave predsodkov in nestrpnosti. Številne študije in mednarodna poročila uvrščajo Rome v izrazito socialno ogrožene marginalne skupine. Vendar pa bodo ukrepi »pozitivne diskriminacije« dosegli svoj namen le, če bodo usmerjeni v točno določen cilj in če bodo časovno omejeni, kot je potrebno, da se dosežejo »enake možnosti«, nikakor pa to ne sme postati trajna oblika reševanja, ki bi lahko vodila k prikritim potem za zlorabljanje le-tega. Slovenia is investing great efforts in the inclusion of Roma children into kindergartens, compulsory school and their overall integration into the dominant culture in general. Preschool Roma children are enrolled in Slovenian kindergartens in three ways. Most of them have been integrated in the regular classes. Nonetheless, a small proportion of Roma children are enrolled in pre-school education in the framework of kindergartens. For education of Roma children the government, schools involved are specifically treated and granted with specific benefits which will be presented here in after. Within the framework of the National Education Institute, a group of teachers who teach Roma children operates. Unfortunately, the drop-out of Roma children of the school system in primary schools is disproportionately large. The main issue is the lack of knowledge of the Slovenian language, followed by irregular attendance of the school and educational underperformance. Low educational level of the Roma in combination with different lifestyle habits does not allow simple solutions in the field of education. The proportion of children who complete primary school education remains low, which affects the need to furtherly motivate for education of Roma adults. Key issues that remain unsolved in the so-far concepts are: inclusion or integration versus segregation; language, culture and identity; unadjusted work organization; low expectations of Roma children's school performance (attitude towards education and discouraging domestic environment); ignoring the socio-cultural and other circumstances; classification of Roma children in schools with special curriculum. It cannot be ignored that the quality and opportunities for education of Roma children are also affected by the specific identity and culture of the culture and the conditions of their life, to which the kindergarten or school, after all, cannot influence directly. Therefore, to implement the strategy of education and improvement of the situation where it is not satisfactory, integration and coordinated action of all relevant state institutions is necessary. To address issues that go beyond the problem of education but nevertheless affect education, the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport connected to other relevant ministries, especially the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Labour, Family and Social Affairs of the Republic of Slovenia. The Ministry has cooperated with the latter Ministry mainly in the following areas: in opportunities to receive social and family support in a functional form, public work programs in connection with education, scholarships and profession training programs. It will also continue to support research and development projects that support measures in accordance with this strategy. The Slovenian Romani Union was involved in preparation of the strategic document. It will also participate in teaching and learning of the Roma language, history and culture in the preparation of materials and in other forms and methods of education. Improving the situation of the Roma people in Europe is among the priorities of the implementation of programmes, the elimination of social exclusion and supporting social cohesion, and the elimination of prejudice and intolerance. Numerous studies and international reports include Roma among highly socially disadvantaged marginalized groups. However, measures of »positive discrimination« will achieve their purpose only if they are focused on a specific goal and if they are limited to a temporary period necessary to achieve "equality of opportunity", but in any case it should not become a permanent way of solution that could lead to a covert way of its abuse. integracija Romov v kulturo državne ugodnosti pri vzgoji in izobraževanju inkluzija in segregacija državne inštitucije raziskovalni in razvojni projekti pozitivna diskriminacija. Keywords: integration of the Roma people in to the culture government benefits in schooling and education inclusion and segregation state institutions research and developmental projects positive discrimination. true true false [V. Vučko] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2015-08-30 17:01:53 2015-12-02 09:14:05 2022-06-05 03:06:04 2021-05-11 03:28:00 2015 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 37.014.5:323.118 (043.2) 4993323 URN:SI:UM:DK:CTNLLUZ2 UN_Vucko_Veronika_2015.pdf UN_Vucko_Veronika_2015.pdf 1 5FADB1D7AF47F746F0D5850CDCD17106 197a4aa69cd63f39017ed45f4b5740de813d2d63b07cbbeeb2d47158e74ccf9b bb459784-7c07-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=79901 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0