20.500.12556/DKUM-54395 ANONIMNO ROJSTVO OTROKA ANONYMOUS CHILDBIRTH Število smrti novorojenčkov ter zapustitve otrok po rojstvu se po večini držav sveta povečuje iz dneva v dan. V želji rešiti ta problem so našli zakonodajni organi v uzakonitvi legalne zapustitve otroka, pri kateri bi matere ostale anonimne. Otroka bi tako z oddajo v posvojitev rešili gotove smrti, matere pa pri tem ne bi bile kazensko odgovorne za oddajo svojega otroka institucijam, odgovornim za prevzem zapuščenih otrok, po večini so to bolnišnice. Kadar otrok ni zaželjen, predstavlja institut anonimnega rojstva otroka eno izmed legalnih možnosti, ki so ponujene materam, ko se znajdejo pred težko odločitvijo ali ohraniti otrokovo življenje ali ne. Pojem anonimnega rojstva pa ne vsebuje samo pravic matere, temveč se morajo upoštevati tudi pravice otrok, brez katerih tega instituta navsezadnje sploh ne bi niti potrebovali. Pravno podlago za samo uzakonitev anonimnega rojstva najdemo v mednarodnih dokumentih, predvsem v Konvenciji o otrokovih pravicah. Le-ta v 7. členu načelno omogoča, da države podpisnice znotraj svoje zakonodaje same preučijo ta institut in se nato odločijo, ali ga bodo uzakonile. Konvencija o otrokovih pravicah in Evropska konvencija o človekovih pravicah pa nadalje tudi določata otrokove pravice in njihovo pravico poznati svoj izvor. Naloga zakonodajnih organov je tako, da se tudi otrokom zagotovi, da se bodo njihove pravice, tako kot materine dosledno in sorazmerno upoštevale. Za spoštovanje določil Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah pa skrbi Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice, ki je v dosedanji praksi obravnavalo kar veliko primerov, ki se tičejo samega anonimnega rojstva. Čeprav je Republika Slovenija podpisnica Konvencije o otrokovih pravicah, trenutno še nimamo uzakonjenega anonimnega rojstva otrok. Zakonodajna ureditev posvojitve, ki pa jo ureja Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih, trenutno ne omogoča, da bi posvojen otrok v Sloveniji imel zakonsko možnost zahtevati podatke o svojih bioloških starših. Zato sem se odločila preveriti, ali se jim s tem kršijo njihove človekove pravice, predvsem 8. člen Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah, ki daje otrokom pravico do zasebnega in družinskega življenja. The number of deaths among newborns and the number of abandoned children after birth is increasing daily in majority of the world’s countries. Whishing to salve this problem, the legislative bodies found solution in legalization of legal child abandonment, where mothers would remain anonymous. A child would be saved from certain death, when given away for adoption, and mothers would not be criminally liable for giving up their children to institutions responsible for taking over the abandoned children, being mainly hospitals. When a child is not wanted, an institute of an anonymous child birth represents one of the legal options offered to mothers, who find themselves facing a hard decision whether to save a child’s life or not. The conception of anonymous birth does not include only the rights of the mother but the rights of the child as well must be considered, without whom, after all, this institute would not even be needed. The legal grounding for the legalization of anonymous birth itself can be found in international documents, above all in the Convention on Children’s Rights. This convention, in its Article 7 enables the signatory countries to study this institute within their own legislation and to decide upon whether or not to legalize it. The Convention on Children’s Rights and the European Convention on Human Rights also furthermore determine the children’s rights and their right to know their origin. The duty of the legislative bodies is therefore to assure the children that their rights, as well as the rights of their mothers, will be consistently and proportionally considered. The European Court of Human Rights, which has treated in its so far practice quite many cases regarding anonymous birth itself, takes care that the European Convention on Human Rights is respected. Although the Republic of Slovenia is a signer of the Convention on Children’s Rights, currently we do not have legalized the anonymous child birth. The legislative regulation of adoption, which is regulated by the Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih, currently does not allow a child adopted in Slovenia to have a legal possibility of demanding data on his/hers biological parents. Therefore I decided to examine if their human rights are being violated by that, above all the Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights giving children the right to a private and family life. anonimno rojstvo anonimne zibelke človekov izvor pravica do zasebnega in družinskega življenja otrokove pravice pravice matere do anonimnosti posvojitev in otroški izvor. anonymous birth anonymous cradles human origin the right to a private and family life children’s rights the rights of a mother to anonymity adoption and children’s’ origin. true true false [J. Šisernik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2015-08-31 19:22:47 2016-04-21 12:52:01 2022-06-05 03:06:21 2021-05-11 03:33:27 2015 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 347.633(043.2) 5051691 URN:SI:UM:DK:RZ8ERJBT UN_Sisernik_Jerneja_2015.pdf UN_Sisernik_Jerneja_2015.pdf 1 90A4511FA7BE1F900DDF64E7BEF6C616 9afb5e8a6cf4ae87ac8cd54a3203213cb3985efc51d640e87c96798e9287825e afd9ded3-7c07-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=80063 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0