20.500.12556/DKUM-54467 Superkritična ekstrakcija sorte oljne buče - Gleisdorfska Golica Supercritical extraction of variety of pumpkin oil - Gleisdorfska Golica Konvencionalna ekstrakcija je še vedno primarna metoda, ki jo uporabljamo za ekstrahiranje olja iz različnih semen, medtem, ko je pri tej diplomski nalogi bila izbrana alternativna metoda konvencionalni metodi, to je ekstrakcija z uporabo superkritičnih in subkritičnih fluidov. Uporaba superkritične ekstrakcije (SCE) ima kar nekaj pozitivnih lastnosti, med drugim tudi to, da končni produkti ne vsebujejo ostankov topil. Laboratorijsko delo je bilo razdeljeno na tri dele. Prvi del je obsegal ekstrahiranje bučnega olja sorte – Gleisdorfska golica z uporabo visokotlačne ekstrakcijske naprave, pri čemer smo kot topilo uporabljali superkritični ogljikov dioksid ter subkritični propan. Z namenom preučevanja kinetike ekstrakcije, smo pri obeh topilih spreminjali temperaturo in tlak, ter tako ugotavljali kako ta dva parametra vplivata na hitrost in izkoristek ekstrakcije. V drugem delu eksperimenta smo s pomočjo saponifikacije hidrolizirali maščobe in pri tem dobili soli maščobnih kislin, ki smo jih nato v tretjem delu laboratorijskega eksperimenta analizirali z uporabo plinske kromatografije (GC) in tako določili vsebnost prostih maščobnih kislin v ekstraktih. Na podlagi vseh opravljenih meritev smo na koncu lahko določili optimalne pogoje ekstrahiranja in izbrali primerno topilo, ki je dalo največje izkoristke. Rezultati so pokazali, da se olje bučnih semen veliko bolje topi v propanu, kar smo opazili tudi med samim eksperimentom na podlagi barve ekstrakta, ki je v primeru uporabe superkritičnega ogljikovega dioksida bila rjavo – rumena, medtem ko pri ekstrakciji s subkritičnim propanom temno zelena. Izkoristki ekstrakcije so bili nad 30 %, vendar pri propanu v povprečju nekoliko višji (do 37 %) v primerjavi z ogljikovim dioksidom (do 34 %). Izkazalo se je tudi, da izkoristki ekstrakcije naraščajo z višanjem temperature in večanjem tlaka. Conventional extraction is still the primary method used for extracting oil from various seeds, however, in this thesis we decided to use the alternative method – extraction with supercritical and subcritical fluids. Supercritical extraction (SCE) has various positive properties, for example, the final products do not contain traces of the solvent. The laboratory work was divided into three major parts. The first part covered the extraction of variety of pumpkin oil – Gleisdorfska golica using the laboratory high pressure extraction device, where supercritical carbon dioxide and subcritical propane were used as solvents. During the experiment I was changing the temperature and pressure with the aim of studying the extraction kinetics and to identify how these parameters influence the rate and yield of extraction. Saponification was used in the second part of the experiment in order to hydrolyze fats into fatty acid salts. These fatty acid salts were then analyzed in the third part of the experiment, using gas chromatography. As a result I was able to determine the content of free fatty acids in my extracts. I was able to determine the optimal conditions of the extraction and choose suitable solvent, which gave the best extraction yield based on all measurements. Results are showing that oil is more soluble in subcritical propane than in supercritical carbon dioxide, which was also visible during the experiment based on the color. When using the supercritical carbon dioxide, the color of extract was brown to yellow, on the other side, when using the subcritical propane, the color was dark green. The extraction yields were above 30 % , though in the case of propane they were slightly higher on average (up to 37 %) than in the case of carbon dioxide (up to 34 %). It turned out, that extraction yields are increasing when both, temperature and pressure, are increasing. Gleisdorfska golica superkritična ekstrakcija CO2 propan saponifikacija plinska kromatografija Gleisdorfska golica supercritical extraction CO2 propane saponification gas chromatography true true false [L. Lang] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2015-09-02 10:18:19 2015-10-22 11:47:54 2022-06-05 03:06:50 2021-05-11 03:39:08 2015 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 66.061.3(043.2) 19419414 URN:SI:UM:DK:DFAZECMV UN_Lang_Leon_2015.pdf UN_Lang_Leon_2015.pdf 1 F4D23BEE833D05C6A652C0D324BB0CCE bf430b80eb4c8650c4f8aab7afc5d1b18939892fe5f720fcf1a1a5e253318aea b093eb2d-7c07-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=81474 Fakulteta za kemijo in kemijsko tehnologijo 0 0 0