20.500.12556/DKUM-55527 ODLOČITEV IZVOZNIKOV O IZBIRI BANČNIH PRODUKTOV ZA ZAVAROVANJE IN FINANCIRANJE MEDNARODNE TRGOVINE THE DECISION OF EXPORTERS ON THE SELECTION OF TRADE AND EXPORT FINANCE BANKING PRODUCTS V magistrski nalogi z naslovom "Odločitev izvoznikov o izbiri bančnih produktov za zavarovanje in financiranje mednarodne trgovine" smo tematiko obdelali nekoliko širše, kot opisuje sam naslov. Najprej smo se osredotočili na razvoj ključnih dogodkov v gospodarstvu v obdobju po izbruhu finančne krize (2008–2013) in ugotavljali, kako je kriza vplivala na odvijanje mednarodne trgovine tako v državah nerazvitega sveta kot tudi v državah razvitega sveta, predvsem pa v Sloveniji. Proučili smo mednarodne raziskave o tem, kako so se s finančno krizo spopadali tuji izvozniki, kakšne so bile posledice v mednarodni menjavi in kako je kriza vplivala na zavarovanje in financiranje mednarodne trgovine. Mednarodne institucije so namreč izvedle vrsto raziskav, da bi ugotovile, koliko se je po izbruhu finančne krize zmanjšala mednarodna trgovina, v kolikšni meri sta se zmanjšala zavarovanje in financiranje mednarodnih poslov in kaj je bil vzrok za zmanjšano zavarovanje in financiranje mednarodnih poslov. Proučevali so različne načine zavarovanja in financiranja izvoza, ki so bili uporabljeni v mednarodni menjavi. Ugotovile so, da je izbruh finančne krize v letu 2008 pustil v svetovnem gospodarstvu težke posledice, saj je kriza tako v razvitih državah, še bolj pa v državah v razvoju povzročila zmanjšanje mednarodne trgovine in posledično padanje gospodarske rasti. Upad mednarodne trgovine je prizadel zlasti gospodarstva, ki so izvozno usmerjena, zmanjšalo se je povpraševanje na mednarodnih trgih, začelo je primanjkovati finančnih sredstev za financiranje izvoznih poslov, banke so zašle v kreditni krč, predvsem v manj razvitih državah, ki so vire financiranja prej pridobivale na finančnih trgih razvitih držav. Stroški financiranja mednarodne trgovine so predvsem v manj razvitih državah zrasli. Banke so zahtevale tudi vedno več jamstev za odobritev produktov za zavarovanje in financiranje izvoznih poslov. Slovensko gospodarstvo se je zaradi finančne krize prav tako znašlo v težavah, posledice so bile med drugim zmanjšanje izvoznega povpraševanja (manjša mednarodna menjava), kot tudi pojav kreditnega krča bančnega sektorja. Leta 2008, ko je izbruhnila finančna kriza, je imelo slovensko gospodarstvo še 20 mrd EUR izvoza, v naslednjem letu se je izvoz zmanjšal na 16,2 mrd EUR (za 19 %), potem si je opomogel in začel zopet naraščati, že leta 2011 je presegel izvoz iz leta 2008 (za 5 %). Pri tem se je tudi pokritost uvoza z izvozom (leta 2008 je bila 87 %) z leti izboljševala (do 97 % v letu 2013). S pomočjo ankete, ki smo jo v letu 2015 izvedli pri 80 slovenskih izvoznih podjetjih različnih velikostnih skupin in različnega obsega izvoza, smo si ustvarili delno sliko o tem, kako so slovenski izvozniki izbirali produkte za zavarovanje in financiranje svojega izvoza v obdobju po začetku finančne krize. Ugotavljali smo, kako se je v opazovanem obdobju gibalo njihovo povpraševanje po bančnih produktih za zavarovanje in financiranje izvoza glede na obseg njihovega izvoza, katere produkte za zavarovanje in financiranje izvoza so v obdobju 2008–2013 uporabljali in s katerimi ovirami so se pri tem srečevali ter kaj je vplivalo na njihovo odločitev o izbiri bančnih produktov za zavarovanje in financiranje izvoznih poslov. V sklepu predstavljamo ključne ugotovitve, do katerih smo prišli na podlagi naše raziskave ter podajamo predloge za nadaljnje raziskave. The thesis entitled "The decision of exporters on the selection of trade and export finance banking products" was the topic treated slightly broader than as described in the title. Firstly, we focused on the development of key events in the economy in the aftermath of the financial crisis (2008-2013) and tried to figure out how the crisis has affected the normal flow of international trade in developing countries as well as in developed countries, especially in Slovenia. We studied various international research papers on how foreign exporters faced the financial crisis, how the crisis has affected international trade, trade and export finance. Namely, international institutions have implemented a series of studies in order to determine how much the financial crisis reduced international trade, trade and export finance and what the reason for the reduced trade and export finance was. Researchers have studied various ways of how to insure and finance international trade. They concluded that the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008 left serious consequences in the global economy, since the crisis has left a decline in international trade and in economic growth in developed countries as well as in developing countries. The decline in international trade has particularly affected economies, which have been export-oriented, export demand has been reduced, the shortage of financial resources for the financing of export transactions has arisen, banks have experienced the credit crunch, especially in less developed countries that had previously acquired sources of funding in the financial markets of developed countries. The cost of financing international trade grew, especially in less developed countries. Banks have required more and more guaranties from the companies to insure and finance their export transactions. Due to the financial crisis the Slovenian economy also faced difficulties, the consequences were, inter alia, the reduction of export demand (lower international trade) as well as the emergence of a credit crunch in the banking sector. In 2008, when the financial crisis broke out, Slovenia exported EUR 20 billion, in 2009 it decreased to EUR 16.2 billion (19%), afterwards it recovered and started to grow again. Exports in 2011 exceeded exports in 2008 (by 5%). The coverage of imports by exports (in 2008 a denoted 87%) also improved over the years (up to 97% in 2013). Throughout our survey, which was conducted in 2015 among 80 Slovenian export enterprises of various sized groups and different volumes of exports, we have created a partial picture of how the Slovenian exporters chose products for the insurance and finance of their exports in the aftermath of the financial crisis. We sought to determine how the observed period ranged their demand for trade and export finance banking products, in relation to the volume of their exports, and which products the exporters used throughout the period 2008-2013. Furthermore we sought to determine which obstacles were encountered and what the impact of their decisions on the selection of trade and export finance banking products was. In conclusion, we present key findings, to which we have come on the basis of our research, and provide suggestions for further research. finančna kriza bančni produkti za zavarovanje in financiranje mednarodne trgovine slovenska izvozna podjetja slovenski izvoz financial crisis trade and export finance banking products Slovenian exporters Slovenian exports true true false N. Pitamic Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo 2015-11-20 13:08:17 2016-05-27 09:20:39 2022-06-09 03:09:07 2021-05-14 03:38:27 2015 0 [Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 339.7 12291612 URN:SI:UM:DK:LCR8DKO0 MAG_Pitamic_Nina_2016.pdf MAG_Pitamic_Nina_2016.pdf 1 01A8521611C75E4424D3A5221A571B57 115e1aeac2096fa5418b625e031790996f9e1428f918d82e8d3bdf014849770d 25106927-7c0c-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=90793 Ekonomsko-poslovna fakulteta 0 0 0