20.500.12556/DKUM-57595 Prepovedane in dvomljive metode zasliševanja diplomsko delo univerzitetnega študija ILLEGAL AND QUESTIONABLE METHODS OF INTERROGATION Zasliševanje in iskanje resnice sta prisotna že od nastanka prvih civilizacij. Bistvo zaslišanja je ugotavljanje resnice v nadzorovanem okolju, zasebno in brez motečih faktorjev. Pri nas zasliševanje poteka na principu vsakdanjega komuniciranja, medtem ko v ameriškem sistemu poteka na osnovi vzpostavitve dobrega odnosa med zasliševalcem in zaslišanim. Velik vpliv pri zaslišanju v ameriškem sistemu imajo zasliševalski priročniki. Največji vpliv ima Rediova tehnika zasliševanja. V Veliki Britaniji zasliševanje poteka po modelu PEACE, ki je znanstveno bolj podprt in preverjen model kot Reidova tehnika zasliševanja. Poleg dovoljenih metod zasliševanja poznamo še prepovedane in dvomljive metode zasliševanja. Med prepovedane metode spadajo uporaba sile, grožnje in druga sredstva; sugestija ter preslepitev. Sila je lahko fizična ali psihična. Za uporabo sugestije je značilno, da se uporabljajo vprašanja, ki izhajajo iz predpostavke in vsebujejo navodilo, kako odgovoriti. Preslepitve se preiskovalci poslužujejo takrat, ko klasična operativna in taktična preiskovalna dejanja niso dovolj za uspešno preiskovanje. Prepovedana je uporaba preslepitve z namenom pridobitve priznanja ali izjave, medtem ko je preslepitev dovoljena v okviru prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov. Prav tako je dvomljiva uporaba hipnoze, čeprav zakon le-te izrecno ne prepoveduje (tudi dovoljuje je ne). Glede etičnosti uporabe določenih metod (npr. preslepitve) si nasprotujejo mnenja etikov in procesualistov ter kriminalistov in preiskovalcev. Prvi zagovarjajo spoštovanje človekovih pravic, slednji pa učinkovitost kazenskega postopka. Izjave, pridobljene z nedovoljenimi metodami, so na sodiščih nične in nanje ni mogoče opreti sodbe. Osumljenim in obrambi je v interesu, da se vsi dokazi proti opustijo ali zavržejo. Poslužujejo se tipičnih obrambnih strategij. Ena od tipičnih obrambnih strategij je tudi sklicevanje osumljenega na uporabo nedovoljenih metod pri zaslišanju. Interrogation and the searching for truth has been present since the beginning of civilization. The basis of interrogation is to find out the truth privately in controlled area without any interference. In Slovenia interrogation is based on daily communication, whereas in America it is based on establishing a good connection between the interrogator and the interrogated person. In America interrogation manuals have a big influence on the course of interrogation and the most commonly used technique is the Reid technique of interrogation. In Great Britain, on the other hand, PEACE model is used for interrogation, which is more scientifically reliable and approved than the Reid technique. There are legal, illegal and questionable methods of interrogation. The use of force, threats and other means like suggestion and deception are within illegal methods. The use of force can be physical or mental. Suggestion consists of typical questions that already include instructions on how to answer it. Deception is usually used when classical operative and tactical actions are not enough for a successful investigation. Deception can be used as a tactic in undercover operations, but it is illegal to use it as a tactic for getting a confession from an interrogated person. One of the questionable interrogation techniques is the use of hypnosis, even though it is not forbidden by law (neither it is permitted by it). When it comes to using some methods of interrogation (e.g. deception), there are two opposing views. Ethicists and lawyers defend human rights, while investigators defend efficiency of criminal procedure. Statements obtained with illegal methods are worthless in courts and they cannot be used as evidence for prosecution. Suspects and the defence tend to devalue evidence against them, so they use typical defence strategies. One of the most typical defence strategies is appealing against conviction based on the use of illegal methods in process of interrogation. zaslišanje metode sugestija preslepitve diplomske naloge interrogation illegal and questionable methods suggestion deception ethics defence strategies. true true false B. Ačko] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2016-03-01 14:41:09 2016-04-13 11:31:57 2022-06-14 03:06:40 2021-05-16 03:23:16 2016 0 [Ljubljana 2016 [Ljubljana 38 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 343.98+159.9:340.6(043.2) 3111658 URN:SI:UM:DK:LTTLWJAS UN_Acko_Boris_2016.pdf UN_Acko_Boris_2016.pdf 1 387EBBBD8E051F4FB81A17E2F4A95F96 be10589850693d54daf2407b3e1f3099c17d2000797a06f2fd9fff6c158bc542 f6e1fbe5-7c0b-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=87103 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0