20.500.12556/DKUM-60383 Mutacije in drugi redki genotipi ter njihova uporabnost pri nekaterih rastlinskih vrstah Mutations and other rare genotypes of same plant species and their potential use V različnih okoljih smo več let opazovali pojavljanje nekaterih redkih genotipov, ki naj bi predstavljali hipotetske mutacije. Raziskava je obsegala tudi uporabo nekaterih umetnih mutagensov z namenom preverjanja njihove učinkovitosti. Semena oljnih buč, lana in evodije smo na Biotehniški fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani obsevali z X žarki z odmerki 20, 40 in 60 Gy, semena cigararja pa z gama žarki v laboratorijih IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) na Dunaju z odmerkom 75 Gy. Za tretiranje semen nekaterih lesnatih rastlin smo uporabili tudi dva kemijska mutagensa (KNO2, NH4NO3). Hipotetske mutacijske spremembe, ki smo jih opazili, so obsegale spremembo v rasti celotne rastline pri belem javorju in malolistni lipi, pojavljanje metlastih poganjkov pri ostrolistnem javorju, papirni murvi, velikem jesenu, navadni smreki, omoriki in rdečem boru ter spremembo oblike plodu pri jablani sorte 'Idared'. Pojavljanje metlastih poganjkov je bilo vsaj v nekaterih primerih najverjetneje posledica okužbe z določenimi patogeni. Evidentirali smo tudi nekatere povratne mutacije, in to pri ostrolistnem javorju sorte 'Drummondii', benjaminovcu sorte 'Variegata' in beli smreki sorte 'Conica'. Pri rastlinskih vrstah, kjer smo s KNO2 tretirali seme in nato še sejančke, smo opazili le eno hipotetsko mutacijo, to je bila sprememba obarvanosti listov pri magnoliji sorte 'Big Dude'. Tretiranje sejančkov s KNO2 je rezultiralo s spremembo morfotipa le eno rastlino, ki je bila pritlikave rasti (dwarfizem), kar pa bi lahko bila tudi posledica genetske segregacije zaradi križanja ali samooplodnje. Med rastlinami, ki smo jih tretirali z NH4NO3, nismo našli nobenih hipotetskih mutacij. Obsevanje semen oljnih buč in evodije z X žarki ni imelo nobenih opaznih posledic. V poskusu z lanom, kjer smo vključili semena, obsevana z različnimi omerki X žarkov, smo opazili dve rastlini z valovitim in bolj rumenim steblom ter listi (pri tretiranju s 60 Gy). Obsevanje semen cigararja ni imelo za posledico nobenih sprememb v rasti in obliki ali obarvanosti listov. Da bi lahko natančneje opredelili, katere morfološke spremembe so mutacije in katere niso, bi bilo potrebno preveriti generativna potomstva skozi več generacij ali pa opraviti odgovarjajoče analize na molekulskem nivoju. Several rare genotypes, which were likely to present hypothetic mutations, were documented during past few years in different locations around the city of Maribor, NE Slovenia. The research also included the use of artificial mutagenesis in order to check its effectiveness. Oil pumpkins, flax and evodia seeds were treated with X rays (doses of 20, 40, 60 Gy) at the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana, whereas Indian bean tree seeds were treated with gamma rays in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) laboratories near Vienna (the dose of 75 Gy). For the treatment of some woody plants, we used two chemical mutagens: KNO2 and NH4NO3. We noted the following hypothetical mutagenic changes: changes in growth of the white maple and the European linden, 'witches broom' deformations on the Norway maple, paper mullberry, ash, spruce, Serbian spruce and red pine, and pear-like fruit on one of the 'Idared' apple tree. In some cases, the changes were probably caused by pathogens, like 'witches broom' deformations. The reciprocal (reverse) mutations were documented on the Norway maple 'Drummondii, benjamin's fig 'Variegata' and white spruce 'Conica'. The treatment of seeds and seedlings with KNO2 resulted in only one hypothetical mutation: the change leaf colour on one seedling of the magnolia 'Big Dude'. On one seedling, we also observed dwarfism which could be a result of genetic segregation due to crossing or self-fertilisation. The treatment with NH4NO3 did not induce any hypothetical mutagenic changes. No visual changes were noticed on plants derived from pumpkin and evodia seeds treated with X-rays, whereas the treatment of flax (60 Gy) resulted in two plants with yellowish and wavy stems. The treatment of the Indian bean tree seed resulted in no changes. For the verification which phenotypic changes are true mutations and which are not, it would be necessary to develop one or more offspring generations and/or apply molecular analysis. mutageneza mutacijske spremembe povratne mutacije kemijski mutagensi KNO2 NH4NO3 X žarki gama žarki Mutagenesis mutation changes reciprocal mutations chemical mutagens KNO2 NH4NO3 X-rays gamma rays true true false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2016-06-16 22:35:22 2016-06-27 11:12:56 2022-06-23 03:10:25 2019-07-11 11:44:34 2016 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 URN:SI:UM:DK:HHIE8JM5 UN_Pivec_Janez_2016.pdf UN_Pivec_Janez_2016.pdf 1 D3020B4E5B3036B7FCC1CFA6382602C9 e17faba6a9f379f0923979dbefee94389cd7722352f6170bb195242619816ed7 ba63a1bc-7c0c-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=94848 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede 0 0 0