20.500.12556/DKUM-61159 Primerjava recesij 19. in 20. stoletja v ZDA diplomsko delo visokošolskega strokovnega študija Varnost in policijsko delo COMPARISON OF RECESSIONS IN 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY IN THE US Spomin na 16. september 2008, ko je investicijska banka Lehman Brothers razglasila stečaj in kateremu je sledila velika recesija oziroma ˝Great Recession,˝ je še živ. Vendar smo tekom pregleda in analize posameznih hujših recesij in depresij v Združenih državah v preteklih dveh stoletjih ugotovili, da so se podobne zadeve dogajale tudi dvesto let nazaj. Že na podlagi tega menimo, da ta recesija ni bila odročen primer, temveč le del ponavljajočega se gospodarskega cikla. V preteklosti, predvsem v 19. stoletju, so recesije in depresije imele drugačen naziv, in sicer finančna panika. To je sovpadalo z ravnanjem posameznikov, ko so panično hiteli na banko, da bi dvignili svoj denar. Takšen tipičen primer je bila panika leta 1929, ko so posamezniki hiteli na borzo, da bi čim hitreje prodali delnice, dokler so bile še nekaj vredne. Že od pojava prve velike depresije v Združenih državah leta 1819 lahko opazimo podobna ravnanja vlagateljev, ki so želeli dvigniti svoje depozite, preden je bilo prepozno. Tako se je ta trend tekom 19. in kasneje tudi 20. stoletja samo stopnjeval, ko so panike postajale vedno hujše. Že od ustanovitve Združenih držav so se pojavljali posamezniki, ki so hoteli hitro obogateti z raznimi goljufijami. Ti ˝špekulatorji˝ so iskali vedno nove možnosti, da bi prišli do velikih dobičkov. Tukaj imamo v mislih predvsem špekulacije z zemljišči in železniške špekulacije, ki so zaznamovale ameriško gospodarstvo predvsem v 19. stoletju. Glavni namen le–teh je bil povzročitev rasti cen, na podlagi katerih so ˝špekulatorji˝ ustvarjali velike dobičke. Ko pa je finančni mehurček počil, so cene začele padati. Takšne prakse so postajale vse bolj popularne, saj so obljubljale velike dobičke posameznikom. Vendar posledic niso občutili samo vlagatelji, temveč vsi ostali, ki so slepo verjeli, da bodo lahko hitro obogateli. The Memory of the 16th of september 2008, when the investment bank Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy, which was folowed by a subsequent recession, called The Great Recession, stil lives among us. Howewer, during our analasys and examination of the most severe recessions and depressions in the United States during the past two centuries, we came to a conclusion that the same things happend almost two hundred years ago. On this basis we believe that this recent recession wasn´t an isolated case, instead it was a part of recurring business cycle. In the past, especially in the 19th century,depressions and recessions had a different name. They were called financial panics. This coincided with the behaviour of individuals when they rushed panicky to the bank to withdraw their deposits. The same thing happend in the panic of 1929, when individuals rushed to the stock market and tried to sell the stocks as quickly as possible, while there were still some dollar signs attached to them. Since the occurance of the first major depression in the United States in 1819, we can notice the same actions taken by investors, who tried to withdraw their deposits before it was to late. This trend only escalated during the 19th and the 20th century, when panics became more and more severe. Since the creation of The United States, there have been a lot of individuals, who were trying to get richer and richer via different frauds. These speculators were always seeking new possibilities to aquire loads of new capital. Here we have in mind land and railroad speculation, which characterised the United States economy during the 19th century. The main purpose of these schemes was to inflate the prices. Based on those prices, speculators would reap the benefits of their schemes. But, when the financial bubble bursted, those prices started to drop. These practices where becoming more and more popular, because they promised huge profits to individuals. In the end, the consequences were felt by not just investers, but by others who followed their own blind belief that they would become rich quick. gospodarstvo krize finančne krize recesije borzni zlomi Združene države Amerike ZDA diplomske naloge Recession Depression Financial panic Stock market crash Business cycle true true false [A. Kovačič] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2016-07-25 16:16:26 2016-10-18 14:29:13 2022-06-25 03:08:00 2019-07-11 12:11:02 2016 0 Ljubljana 2016 Ljubljana 50 str. 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 338.124.4(043.2) 3209962 URN:SI:UM:DK:YER1CVBY VS_Kovacic_Andrej_2016.pdf VS_Kovacic_Andrej_2016.pdf 1 6C43E396751277BDF842963051F3CEBD 09b2ebce6ef6cb1a56fbd188a04f8943d2b615b3b836b044a31a5b7b559148ef f48f3248-7c0c-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=97521 Fakulteta za varnostne vede 0 0 0