20.500.12556/DKUM-61830 Smotrna poraba antibiotikov za preprečevanje onesnaževanja okolja Rational use of antibiotics to combat environmental pollution Izhodišča Odkritje in razvoj protimikrobnih učinkovin spadata med najpomembnejše dosežke v zgodovini sodobne medicine. Protimikrobna zdravila so omogočila zdravljenje okužb, ki so v celotni zgodovini človeštva vedno igrale pomembno vlogo. Slovenija na področju smotrnega predpisovanja protimikrobnih zdravil sorazmerno dobro sledi evropskim priporočilom. Aktivnosti na tem področju lahko v posameznih delih ocenimo kot učinkovite. V diplomskem delu smo predstavili porabo antibiotikov na področju humane medicine in veterine, njihovo pot v okolje in cilje smotrne porabe antibiotikov za preprečevanje onesnaževanja okolja. Ugotoviti smo želeli, kakšno je mnenje dveh strokovnjakov glede izvajanja ukrepov za zmanjšanje prekomerne uporabe antibiotikov. Raziskovalne metode Za raziskovalni del diplomskega dela smo v okviru kvalitativne metodologije izvedli strukturiran intervju z dvema članoma Nacionalne komisije za smotrno porabo antibiotikov. V sklopu intervjuja, ki je vseboval 10 vprašanj, smo strokovnjakoma postavili vprašanja odprtega tipa, s pomočjo katerih smo pridobili podatke in njuna mnenja glede smotrne porabe antibiotikov. Za obdelavo podatkov smo uporabili SWOT-analizo. Raziskavo smo izvedli na Ministrstvu za zdravje, na naslovu: Štefanova ul. 5, Ljubljana, v obdobju od februarja do marca 2016. Rezultati Ugotovili smo prednosti, slabosti, priložnosti in nevarnosti glede nadzora porabe, načina spremljanja antibiotikov tako na evropski kot na nacionalni ravni. V Sloveniji se spremlja bakterijska odpornost in poraba antibiotikov v humani in veterinarski medicini. Če se primerjamo z drugimi državami, ugotovimo, da nismo pri vrhu po porabi protimikrobnih zdravil. V Sloveniji je v letu 2012 bila poraba protimikrobnih zdravil v humani in veterinarski medicini 20,7 tone, povprečna poraba v 26 državah pa je znašala 437,76 tone. Iz povprečne vrednosti je razvidno, da smo pod povprečjem po porabi protimikrobnih zdravil. Diskusija in zaključek Z bolj doslednim upoštevanjem smernic zdravljenja bi se še dalo izboljšati nadzor porabe antibiotikov v humani in veterinarski medicini. Sprejete ukrepe za nadzor porabe protimikrobnih zdravil bi bilo treba nadgraditi. Prav tako bi potrebovali več kadra za bolj učinkovito izvajanje dejavnosti. Izobraževanja o protimikrobnih zdravilih bi bilo treba razširiti še na druge poklice. Na podlagi raziskovalnega dela diplomskega dela ugotavljamo, da nismo pri vrhu po porabi protimikrobnih zdravil. Slovenija spada v tretjino evropskih držav s kakovostnejšim predpisovanjem antibiotikov. Introduction The discovery and development of antimicrobial substances are one of the most significant achievements in the history of modern medicine. Antimicrobial agents are allowed to treat infections that are in the whole history of mankind always played an important role. Slovenia on the rational prescribing of antimicrobial agents is relatively well following the European guidelines. Activities in this area may in certain parts evaluated as effective. The thesis was presented on the use of antibiotics in human medicine and veterinary medicine, what their way into the environment and the objectives of rational use of antibiotics to prevent environmental pollution. We wanted to determine the opinion of two experts on the implementation of measures to reduce the excessive use of antibiotics. Research methods For the research part of the thesis, within the framework of qualitative methodology we conducted structured interviews with two members of the National Commission for the rational use of antibiotics. As part of the interview, which contained 10 questions, we are experts set up open-ended questions, which we acquired information and opinions concerning the rational use of antibiotics. For data processing we used the SWOT-analysis. The research was conducted at the Ministry of Health, at the address: Štefanova ul. 5, Ljubljana in the period from February to March 2016. Results We've found that we have some strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats regarding the control of spending, the monitoring of antibiotics at European and national level. In Slovenia monitors bacterial resistance and use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. If we compare with other countries, we see that we are not at the top of the consumption of antimicrobials. In Slovenia, in 2012 consumption in human and veterinary use 20.7 tons of antimicrobials, the average consumption of 26 countries in human and veterinary medicine totaled 437.76 tons of antimicrobials. From the average value it is evident that we are below the average for consumption of antimicrobials. Discussion and conclusion A more strict adherence to treatment guidelines should be improved control of the use of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine. Measures taken to control the use of antimicrobials should be upgraded. It would also require more staff for more effective implementation of the activities. Education on antimicrobials should be extended to other professions. Based on the research work of the thesis, we find that we are not at the top of the consumption of antimicrobials. Slovenia belongs to a third country with a higher quality prescribing antibiotics. antibiotiki smotrna poraba antibiotikov vpliv antibiotikov na okolje.  antibiotics rational use of antibiotics the effect of antibiotics on the environment. true false false [S. Brezočnik] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2016-08-17 15:51:41 2016-09-27 16:30:36 2022-06-27 03:07:09 2019-07-11 12:34:29 2016 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 615:502(043.2) 2242212 URN:SI:UM:DK:UXZJX5C8 VS_Brezocnik_Sara_2016.pdf VS_Brezocnik_Sara_2016.pdf 1 2FECDFB1C76F96A55EA1328C0061F983 34d7bcfd5a4b2818752eb5e6f692eb581c554151fab517649f271b54b40effb1 5e3a730c-7c0d-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=103241 Fakulteta za zdravstvene vede 0 0 0