20.500.12556/DKUM-62203 Optimiranje ekonomskega položaja v govedoreji na primeru vzorčnih kmetij Optimisation of economic situation in cattle breeding, the case of model farming Kmetijstvo danes deluje v poslovnem okolju, za katerega so značilni spreminjanje cen pridelkov, deregulacija trgov in nestabilnost dohodkov. Sooča se s številnimi tveganji, na eni strani povezanimi z vremenskimi vplivi, škodljivci, kot tudi vse pogostejšimi boleznimi živali. Na strani spreminjajočega okolja imajo pomembno vlogo tudi ukrepi skupne kmetijske politike. Zaradi slednjega so nosilci kmetijske proizvodnje pri svojih proizvodnih in organizacijskih odločitvah pogosto v dilemi in se soočajo s številnimi izzivi. Pri njihovih odločitvah so jim v pomoč različna orodja. Med kompleksnejšo skupino metod sodi matematično programiranje, znotraj katere je najpogosteje uporabljeno linearno programiranje. Tako smo tudi v nalogi uporabili modelno orodje, katerega metodološki pristop temelji na matematičnem programiranju. Z njim smo želeli raziskati, na kakšen način v danih ekonomskih razmerah optimirati ekonomski položaj v govedoreji na določenem omejenem območju. Tako smo v prvem koraku definirali tipe kmetijskih gospodarstev in jim na podlagi dejanskih podatkov določili fizični obseg proizvodnje. Vsi tipi predstavljajo govedorejske kmetije, usmerjene v prirejo mleka, rejo bikov pitancev oziroma kombinacijo obeh. Nato smo na podlagi oblikovanih scenarijev na danih tipih kmetijskih gospodarstev z metodo delne optimizacije definirali trenuten ekonomski položaj. V nadaljevanju smo z metodo omejene optimizacije iskali optimalen proizvodni načrt s ciljem doseženega čim boljšega ekonomskega rezultata. Pri tem smo s postopkom optimizacije spreminjali proizvodne omejitve in dodajali ali odvzemali posamezne aktivnosti, ki lahko vstopajo v optimalno rešitev. V primeru, ko smo dobili rezultate, ki so iz ekonomskega in tehnološkega vidika korektni, vendar nerealni, smo postopek optimizacije ponovili z dodajanjem dodatnih omejitev. Na podlagi uporabe modelnega orodja smo prišli med drugim do rezultatov, da samostojno obravnavanje živinorejskih aktivnosti vpliva na optimalen proizvodni načrt in posledično na višje pričakovano pokritje in višji pričakovani dohodek. Rezultati kažejo, da kmetijske površine niso optimalno izkoriščene, saj bi lahko na vseh treh tipih kmetijskih gospodarstev na obstoječih površinah redili več živali in s tem dosegali tudi boljše ekonomske rezultate. Agriculture nowadays operates in a business environment characterized by changing crop prices, deregulation of markets and income instability. It faces many risks from weather, pests and increasing occurrence of animal diseases. In such changing environment common agricultural policy plays an important role. That is the reason for a dilemma for carriers of agricultural production who are facing many challenges. There are many tools and methods to help them in decision making. Among the complex group of methods is mathematical programming, within which is the most commonly used linear programming. In our thesis we used a model tool where methodological approach is based on mathematical programming. With it, we wanted to explore how to optimize the economic situation of the cattle breeding farm in the current economic conditions in certain area. The first step was to define types of agricultural holdings and set their physical output on the basis of actual data. All chosen types represent cattle farms focused on milk production and breeding of fattening bulls or a combination of both. Then, we defined current economic situation formed by partial optimization on the basis of given scenarios for chosen types of agricultural holdings. With limited optimization method we were looking for the optimal production plan with the objective to achieve the best possible economic result. We changed the procedure of optimization of production constraints and added or subtracted different activities, which can enter the optimal solution. In the case when we got the results that are in economic and technological point of view correct, but unrealistic, we repeated the optimization process by adding additional constraints. Based on the use of modelling tools we have reached the results which inter alia show that independent planning of livestock activities affects the optimal production plan and, consequently magnifies the expected coverage and income. The results indicate that agricultural areas are not optimally used, as it could be in the case if all three types of holdings were breeding more animals and thus achieve better economic results. kmetijsko gospodarstvo govedoreja scenarijska analiza optimiranje linearno programiranje matematično programiranje agricultural holding beef cattle scenario analysis optimization linear programming mathematical programming true true false Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2016-08-24 07:16:08 2016-09-02 09:04:07 2022-06-28 03:08:25 2019-07-11 12:47:25 2016 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 URN:SI:UM:DK:GGHXBXAR MAG_But_Andreja_2016.pdf MAG_But_Andreja_2016.pdf 1 4A5CD659E7FF516C6DB418529F32D669 81119908ea2a9ac40cd106e52bd87ca93671928fccd3d53a0ecef1e715540e68 5ebda278-7c0d-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=103276 Fakulteta za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede 0 0 0