20.500.12556/DKUM-63394 Enostarševska družina v Sloveniji in ameriški zvezni državi Teksas SINGLE-PARENT FAMILY IN SLOVENIA AND IN AMERICAN FEDERAL STATE OF TEXAS Družina je skupnost očeta in matere, katere jedro je njun otrok. Včasih pa se zgodi, da ta skupnost preneha obstajati in tako nastane enostarševska družina. Ta je sestavljena iz enega starša in otroka ali več otrok, včasih se zgodi celo, da ta starš prevzame nase celotno preživljanje, vzgojo in skrb za otroka, in tako postane samohranilec. V Sloveniji in v ZDA je čedalje več mater samohranilk, v izjemnih primerih pa tudi očetov samohranilcev. Razlogi za nastanek enostarševske družine so različni: starša se lahko ločita, razideta ali pa eden njiju umre. Ti razlogi so v Sloveniji in ZDA skoraj enaki, s posebnimi značilnostmi, ki jih opredeljujejo kot razloge za nastanek enostarševske družine. Ko družina »razpade« in ostane otrok z enim od staršev, za drugega starša prav tako nastanejo določene pravice in obveznosti. Starša se lahko sporazumeta o pravicah in obveznostih glede vzgoje in nege otroka. Če takšen sporazum ni mogoč, pri tem pomaga sodišče, ki odloči o vzgoji, varstvu in negi otrok, odloči pa tudi o stikih oziroma obiskih tistega starša, kateremu ni dodeljeno skrbništvo nad otrokom. Pri določanju vseh teh pravic in obveznosti mora vedno paziti na to, da odloča v korist otroka – to je sodišču glavno vodilo. Glavni problem enostarševskih družin je težak finančni položaj, saj so te družine pogosto prikrajšane, še zlasti takrat, ko otrok ne dobiva preživnine. Zato državi skrbita, da enostarševskim družinam omogočita čim več ugodnosti in pravic. Delež teh se namreč vztrajno povečuje. V Sloveniji je pojem enostarševske družine povezan z zakoni, ki jim dajejo različne pravice, kot so npr. otroški dodatek, starševski dodatek, pomoč za nego otroka, preživnina itd. Glavni zakoni v Sloveniji na tem področju so: Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih (oz. ZZZDR), Zakon o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih (oz. ZSVD) in Zakon o socialnovarstvenih prejemkih (oz. ZSVP). V Teksasu so področje družine in s tem tudi pravice enostarševske družine urejeni v »Texas Statutes«, ki je sestavljen iz več zakonikov, glavna pri obravnavi pravic enostarševskih družin pa sta »Family Code« in »Penal Code«. Najpomembnejše je, da obe državi skrbita, da so otrokova korist in njegovi interesi na prvem mestu. Family is community of two: mother and father, which have their own (biological) child. However, in some cases families can become single – parent families. Single – parent family is based on one parent and one, or more children. »One parent« means that only one parent has a right to have full custody on their child and lives with them on his own. In some cases, single moms or single dads can play this role everyday and they become responsible for child support and child custody without any help from their ex-wife or ex-husband (or ex-girlfriend/ ex-boyfriend in cases when they were not married). Single – parenting is growing up fast in Slovenia and also in USA. There are different reasons why traditional families (mom, dad, child) become single-parent families. Some of them are: divorce, splitting up when they are not married or when one of the parents dies. As we can see the reasons for single – parent families are in Slovenia and in USA almost identical, with only minor differences which are specified as reasons for single – parent family. In cases when family falls apart and one child stays with one of the parent, this leads to new rights and new obligations for each of the parent. Parents can sign a »Family Settlement Agreement«, which is agreement between them about their obligations and rights, against a child or more children. Agreement also means that they set rights for custody and child support. These are two of the most important rights. Sometimes this type of agreement can not be reached, so next steep is to get help from court. The court decides about child́s rights, care, medical care, custody and support. In every one of these rights or obligation, court must decide in favor of the child. Single – parent families are often struggling with bad financial situations. This is one of the most common troubles, which are often caused by not paying child support. Slovenia and USA ensure legal certainty for single – parent families with many measures, because the number of single – parent families is growing up so fast. In Slovenia, we have some different laws which are related with the concept of family. We have Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih (shortened: ZZZDR), which offers many diffrent rights. Some of them are: child allowance, parent allowance, child support etc. There is also Zakon o starševskem varstvu in družinskih prejemkih (shortened: ZSVD) and Zakon o socialnovarstvenih prejemkih (shortened: ZSVD).Rights and obligations of single – parent families are in Texas USA, regulated in Family Code and Penal Code. However as we said before, the most important thing is, to make decisions in favor of children and give them wonderful life, with or without a parent. enostarševska družina družina samohranilka samohranilec otrok korist otroka Zakon o zakonski zvezi in družinskih razmerjih preživljanje preživnina ZDA Teksas ločitev single parenting single – parent family divorce Texas Family Code Texas USA single mom single father child support true true false [U. Šuštar] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo 2016-09-09 16:26:29 2016-09-16 15:41:31 2022-07-02 03:07:09 2019-07-11 13:26:31 2016 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 316.362.31(043.2) 5295403 URN:SI:UM:DK:5XQSVAFA UN_Sustar_Ursa_2016.pdf UN_Sustar_Ursa_2016.pdf 1 774924032E844FB343890DDAB990A2DF 8bf6d58494dcc4f2ccd54ee399371c1f6a4db53155880041f2edb2d0d800c5c2 73920164-7c0d-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=104305 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0