20.500.12556/DKUM-64470 OBRAVNAVA RAZPADA JUGOSLAVIJE V SOCIOLOŠKIH ŠTUDIJAH V ZDA V ČASU 1991–1996 DISCUSSION OF THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA IN SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES IN THE USA DURING THE 1991–1996 PERIOD V mednarodnem okolju so ob koncu 20. stoletja nastopile nove realnosti, ki so postale predmet diskurza svetovne laične in znanstvene javnosti. Svet je gradil podobo »globalne vasi«, v Evropi pa so potekali tako procesi združevanja (Nemčija, Evropska unija), kot tudi nasprotni procesi razdruževanja (Sovjetska zveza, Socialistična federativna republika Jugoslavija, Češkoslovaška), kar je sovpadalo s koncem komunistične ideologije. Zatonu komunizma v vzhodni Evropi je sledil padec dveh branikov komunističnega sistema. Potekali sta dokaj mirna dezintegracija Sovjetske zveze in nasilna Socialistične federativne republike Jugoslavije. Slednja predstavlja osrednji predmet obravnave, ki je v grobem razdeljena na dva dela. V prvem delu so kot konceptualna podlaga na kratko prikazani zgodovinski podatki in kronološko zaporedje dogodkov ter dejstva, ki zadevajo zgodovino južnoslovanskih narodov. Časovni razpon zajema dogodke od časa, ko so naselili balkanska geografska področja, stoletja živeli ločeno, pa do njihove skupne eksistence v različnih oblikah jugoslovanske države ter njenega konca. Predstavljena je tudi spremljava kriznih dogodkov s strani zahodnih institucij in medijev, kakor tudi domačih in tujih intelektualcev ter njihovi odzivi. V drugem delu, ki je na podlagi podatkov iz prvega vsebinsko ožje naravnan, so predstavljene teoretične, kakor tudi empirično podprte znanstvene razlage razpada Jugoslavije. Obravnavane so različne interpretacije dogodkov socioloških institucij in avtoritet, kakor tudi različni teoretski in metodološki pristopi k problemu. Tozadevno je na osnovi pričujoče raziskave mogoče izdvojiti nekaj zanimivih ugotovitev in sklepov, ki se nanašajo na kredibilnost predstavljenih razlag, med katerimi določene ponudijo argumente za doseganje znanstvenih zaključkov, nekatere pa so z znanstvenega zornega kota diskreditirane in nesprejemljive. Med predstavljenimi pojasnjevalnimi modeli razpada SFRJ lahko kot znanstveno verodostojne sprejmemo ekonomski, ideološki in geopolitični pojasnjevalni model, medtem ko za kulturni pojasnjevalni model, pojasnjevalni model etnične sovražnosti, pojasnjevalni model enake krivde in pojasnjevalni model medijev ni mogoče najti zadostne znanstvene podpore. Konkretno, njihovo objektivnost zmanjšujejo impresionistične in ideološko obremenjene razlage, ki vsebujejo predsodke, stereotipe, vrednostne sodbe in zgodovinski paralelizem. Pri njih je prav tako mogoče ugotoviti prisotnost faktografskih napak in dejavnikov, kot so etnocentrizem in kulturni relativizem, kar je še posebej evidentno pri obravnavi etničnega fenomena in nacionalizma. Posledično lahko ugotovimo, da je pri večini odzivov sociologov kot tudi drugih mednarodnih akterjev možno zaznati pomanjkanje zagotavljanja zahtevanih znanstvenih kriterijev. New realities occurred on the international field at the end of the 20th century that became a subject of discourse among the lay and scientific communities. The world had been building an image of the »global village« and there had been processes of integration (Germany, European Union) as well as the opposite processes of disintegration (Soviet Union, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia) proceeding in Europe. These processes coincided with the end of the communist ideology. The demise of communism in Eastern Europe was followed by the fall of two bulwarks of the communist system. A relatively peaceful break-up of the Soviet Union and a violent one of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were in process. The latter represents the main subject of the study which is divided in two parts. As a conceptual background, the first part covers a brief description of the history of South Slavs. It includes a chronological arrangement of events and some historical facts of the Yugoslav nations dating back to their first settlements in the Balkans’ geographical areas and living separately for centuries up to their united existence in different forms of Yugoslav state and its end. The coverage of the events in crisis by Western institutions, press, domestic and foreign intellectuals is also presented as well as their responses. Based on the part one data, the second part is focused on theoretical as well as empirical scientific explanations of the downfall of Yugoslavia. Different methodological approaches to the issue and different interpretations of the events that had been provided by sociological institutions and authorities are also discussed. Based on the existent research, it is possible to convey some interesting findings and conclusions referring to the credibility of the explanations. Certain explanations have provided arguments to reach scientific conclusions and the others have been discredited and unacceptable from the scientific point of view. The economic explanation, the ideological explanation and the geopolitical explanation have proved to be scientifically credible while the cultural explanation, the media explanation and the explanation of equal guilt and ethnic hatred lack scientific credibility. To be precise, impressionistic and ideologically biased explanations, containing prejudice, stereotypes, judgements and historical parallelism compromise objectivity. There is also evidence of factual errors and elements such as ethnocentrism and cultural relativism, particularly in the field of ethnicity and nationalism. Therefore, it is possible to argue that the majority of responses provided by sociologists and other international stakeholders do not meet required scientific criteria. Balkan Jugoslavija nacionalizem razpad vojna Balkans Yugoslavia nationalism disintegration war true true false [J. Petić] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo 2016-10-05 07:51:15 2016-10-05 07:56:24 2022-07-05 03:07:50 2019-07-11 14:03:01 2016 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 316.334.3:321.013(497.1)''1991/1996''(043.2) 22659592 URN:SI:UM:DK:6BYJGD54 RAZ_Petic_Jure_i2016.pdf RAZ_Petic_Jure_i2016.pdf 1 D17DB17A5EECC7C180821663C3E6A5FE 3b6f5db0467f4b36b72f571c4b8f1f7fca553f3db048067db1821ce64bdaf21e c16d1056-7c0d-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=107324 Filozofska fakulteta 0 0 0