20.500.12556/DKUM-64796 ZADEVA NOTTEBOHM NOTTEBOHM CASE Državljanstvo predstavlja posebno razmerje med posameznikom in državo, zaradi katerega država svojemu državljanu nalaga določene obveznosti, hkrati pa je deležen tudi posebnih ugodnosti. O tem, kdo bo državljan določene države, in pod kakšnih pogoji mu bo država podelila svoje državljanstvo, lahko odloča država sama s svojimi nacionalnimi predpisi. Tej pravici države pravimo suverena pravica. Vendar ta pravica države ni absolutna, saj je država pri svojem odločanju vezana na pravila, ki jih določa mednarodno pravo. Da bi se izognili sporom, ki nastanejo, ko dve državi podelita državljanstvo istemu posamezniku in ta situacija ni več omejena v okviru notranje sodne oblasti ene od teh držav, ampak se razteza na mednarodno področje, so razvili določena merila. Prednost so dali tistemu državljanstvu, ki je temeljilo na okrepljenih vezeh med posameznikom in eno od teh držav. Mednarodno sodišče je leta 1955 v zadevi Nottebohm vpeljalo test »pristne in učinkovite vezi« med posameznikom in državo. Nottebohm je bil nemški državljan, ki je poslovno deloval in tudi večino časa preživel v Gvatemali. Tam si je tudi uredil stalno prebivališče in postavil središče svojih poslovnih dejavnosti. Zaradi druge svetovne vojne je leta 1939 odšel v Lihtenštajn in tam zaprosil za pridobitev državljanstva z naturalizacijo. Le to mu je bilo na podlagi izredne naturalizacije tudi podeljeno. Ko pa se je želel vrniti v Gvatemalo, je le ta njegovo vrnitev zavrnila ter mu ni priznala državljanstva nevtralnega Lihtenštajna. Svojo odločitev je Gvatemala oprla na dejstvo, da Nottebohm ni imel tesnejše povezave z Lihtenštajnom. Sodišče je zato zavrnilo zahtevek po diplomatski zaščiti Lihtenštajna in Gvatemali ni bilo potrebno priznati njegovega državljanstva, saj le ta pri podelitvi državljanstva Nottebohmu ni deloval v skladu z mednarodnopravnimi kriteriji. Citizenship is a special relationship between the individual and the state which imposes certain obligations on its citizen who also receives special benefits. It may be decided by the country itself with its national laws who and under what conditions will be granted citizenship of a country. This right is called the sovereign right of countries. However, this right of the state is not absolute, as the state is bound in its decision making to the rules laid down by international law. In order to avoid conflicts that arise when two countries grant nationality to the same individual and this situation is no longer confined within the internal judiciary of one of these countries but extends to the international field, specific criteria were developed. Preference is given to that citizenship, which is based on stronger ties between the individual and one of these countries. In the 1955 Nottebohm case, the International Court of Justice introduced the test called "genuine and effective link" between the individual and the state. Nottebohm was a German citizen who worked on business and spent most of his time in Guatemala. There he also set up permanent residence and established the center of his business. Due to the Second World War in 1939, he went to Liechtenstein and then applied for the acquisition of citizenship by naturalization. He was granted the citizenship based on exceptional naturalization. When he wanted to return to Guatemala, Guatemala rejected his return, and it did not recognize the citizenship of the neutral Liechtenstein. In its decision Guatemala leaned on the fact that Nottebohm did not have closer links with Liechtenstein. The Court therefore dismissed the claim for diplomatic protection of Liechtenstein and Guatemala was not required to recognize his nationality because Liechtenstein in its grant of citizenship to Nottebohm did not act in accordance with international criteria. državljanstvo diplomatska zaščita suverenost mednarodno pravo test pristne in učinkovite vezi zadeva Nottebohm. citizenship diplomatic protection sovereignty international law the test of a genuine and effective link Nottebohm Case. true true false [T. Preglav] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2016-12-13 11:49:21 2017-03-09 09:58:09 2022-07-06 03:06:37 2019-07-11 14:56:10 2016 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 342.71(043.2) 5337131 URN:SI:UM:DK:C4BZFLY3 UN_Preglav_Tina_2016.pdf UN_Preglav_Tina_2016.pdf 1 34CD687FD1414C3254013BBC69D2FDF7 2d801902762e5d957140a4556040ebae2c079aabb7b5f4e7a26ef74fe2c94d21 e40b8731-7c0d-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=108670 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0