20.500.12556/DKUM-67924 Pomen ugotovitvene tožbe in ugotovitvene sodbe v pravdnem postopku The importance of declaratory action and declaratory judgment in the civil procedure Pravdni postopek se začne s tožbo, sodišče ga ne more začeti po uradni dolžnosti, ampak le na pobudo stranke. Glede na vsebino tožbenih zahtevkov poznamo dajatvene (kondemnatorne), ugotovitvene (deklaratorne) ter oblikovalne (konstitutivne) tožbe. Z ugotovitveno tožbo tožnik zahteva ugotovitev obstoja ali neobstoja določenega pravnega razmerja ali pravice. Je edina oblika tožbe, ki jo Zakon o pravdnem postopku, zaradi posebnih procesnih predpostavk, ki morajo biti izpolnjene, izrecno ureja. Edino dejstvo, ki ga je z ugotovitveno tožbo mogoče ugotavljati, je pristnost ali nepristnost listine. Za ugotovitveno tožbo so potrebne tri procesne predpostavke, kot tretja je pravni interes, ki se pri dajatveni in oblikovalni tožbi domnevata, pri ugotovitveni pa ga je potrebno posebej dokazovati, razen če lahko tožnik vloži tožbo na podlagi posebnega predpisa oziroma, če se z ugotovitveno tožbo zahteva ugotovitev (ne)pristnosti listine. S sodbo sodišče avtoritativno odloči o utemeljenosti zahtevka, ki se tiče glavne stvari in stranskih terjatev. Sodbe se glede vsebine pravnega varstva delijo na dajatvene, ugotovitvene in oblikovalne. Z ugotovitveno sodbo sodišče izreče, ali obstoji oz. ne obstoji določena pravica ali pravno razmerje. Le izjemoma je mogoče z ugotovitveno sodbo odločiti o obstoju spornih dejstev. Zakon o pravdnem postopku dovoljuje le ugotavljanje pristnosti ali nepristnosti listine. Ugotovitveni sodbi ne sledi izvršilni postopek zaradi prisilne izvršbe te sodbe, saj ugotovitvena sodba s pravnomočnostjo odstrani dvom o obstoju ali neobstoju določene pravice ali pravnega razmerja. Sicer pa veljajo za ugotovitveno sodbo enaka pravila kot za ugotovitveno tožbo. The civil process begins with an action, the court can not start ex officio, but only on the initiative of the client. Depending on the content of claims, there are duty, declaratory and formative actions. With a declaratory action the plaintiff requires a finding of the existence or absence of a specific legal relationship or right. It is the only form of legal action explicitly regulated by the Civil Procedure Act, because of the specific procedural assumptions which must be met. The only fact that can be determined by the declaratory action is the authenticity or unauthenticity of the document. Three procedural assumptions are necessary for the declaratory action. Of those three, the third procedural assumption is a legal interest which is presumed in the duty and formative action, but in the declaratory action it needs to be specifically proven, unless the plaintiff can bring an action on the basis of a special regulation or, if the action requires the finding of the (un)authenticity of the document. By a judgment, the court will authoritatively decide on the merits of the claim concerning the main thing and the side claims. The judgments on the subject of legal protection are divided into duty, declaratory and formative. By a declaratory judgment, the court pronounces whether a certain right or legal relationship exists or does not exist. Only in exceptional cases is it possible to decide on the existence of the disputed facts with the declaratory judgment. Civil Procedure Act only allows for the authenticity or unauthenticity of the document. A declaratory judgment is not followed by the enforcement procedure due to the enforced execution of this judgment, since the declaratory judgment with the res judicata removes the doubt about the existence or absence of a certain right or legal relationship. Otherwise, same rules apply to the declaratory judgment as to the declaratory action. Ugotovitvena tožba ugotovitev (ne)obstoja pravnega razmerja ali pravice pravni interes ugotovitev (ne)pristnosti listine ugotovitvena sodba. A declaratory action finding (non) existence of a legal relationship or right legal interest finding (un)authenticity of the document a declaratory judgment. true true false [Š. Ocvirk] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2017-09-04 07:21:14 2017-09-20 12:57:19 2022-08-01 14:37:38 2019-07-11 16:35:52 2017 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 347.922.6(043.2) 5449259 URN:SI:UM:DK:8YOVVC8R UN_Ocvirk_Spela_2017.pdf UN_Ocvirk_Spela_2017.pdf 1 69386516C93E8998BD031A0815723755 96ee54fc60f22d3613104707140e63d2163efe5fd0f1d68bafc5b57275868ae6 9ef1b762-7c0e-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/557fbda9-ca5d-41dc-9e93-a4d52ae88962 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=116901 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0