20.500.12556/DKUM-68509 Vpliv odločbe v zadevi "Lambert in ostali proti Franciji" na slovensko zakonodajo The impact of the decision in the case "Lambert and others v. France" on Slovenian legislation Človekovo življenje lahko ponazorimo s časovno premico limitirano z začetkom in koncem. Začetek predstavlja rojstvo, konec pa smrt. Smrt je namreč tako kot rojstvo biološki proces, ki doleti vsakega človeka, enega prej, drugega pozneje. Napredovanje medicine, zlasti intenzivne je omogočilo premik ločnice med življenjem in smrtjo v smeri življenja in preložilo smrt za določen čas. V življenju pa pride do situacije, ko je prelaganje smrti nesmiselno oz. v breme posameznika in je dobro ločnico premakniti v smeri smrti. To prihaja v poštev pri bolnikih, pri katerih je bolezen prešla že v takšen stadij, ko jim intenzivno zdravljenje več ne koristi, k večjemu jim je v breme zato se prikaže možnost ukinitve le-te ali pri trajno vegetativnih pacientih. O tem je govora v diplomski nalogi, ki je sestavljena iz treh poglavij. V prvem poglavju je predstavljena zadeva Lambert in ostali proti Franciji, ki se je znašla pred Evropskim sodiščem za človekove pravice (ESČP), in katere odločitev velikega senata je razburkala evropsko in s tem slovensko javnost z vidika varstva pacientovih pravic. ESČP je namreč potrdilo sodbo francoskega državnega sveta (Conseil d'État) in odločilo, da Francija z odklopom sonde ter posledično prenehanjem umetnega hranjenja in hidriranja Lamberta, ki bi povzročilo njegovo postopno smrt, ne bi kršila 2. člen Evropske konvencije o človekovih pravicah. V drugem poglavju diplomske naloge je predstavljen pogled slovenskega zakonodajalca na dano sodno zadevo oz. kako je v Sloveniji zagotovljeno varstvo pravic na smrt bolnih bolnikov. Pri tem izhaja, da sta evtanazija, ki je v kazenski zakonodaji obravnavana kot uboj in (zdravnikova) pomoč pri samomoru absolutno prepovedani, in da je življenje kot temeljna človekova pravica zavarovana ne samo z Ustavo RS in mednarodnimi akti temveč tudi s številnimi zakoni, kjer ima posebno vlogo od leta 2008 Zakon o pacientovih pravicah. Dano področje so še bolj poglobila in opredelila Etična priporočila za odločanje o zdravljenju in paliativni oskrbi bolnika ob koncu življenja v intenzivni medicini, s tem da so ločila evtanazijo kot umotno povzročeno smrt iz usmiljenja pri umirajočih oz. neozdravljivo bolnih ljudeh od opustitve ali odtegnitve zdravljenja pri bolnikih, za katere takšno zdravljenje predstavlja le še veliko breme in trpljenje. Določajo namreč, da je v takem primeru bolnika potrebno vključiti v proces paliativne oskrbe, kjer se mu lajša trpljenje in se ga pripravlja na poslednjo pot- smrt. V zadnjem tretjem poglavju pa je na kratko predstavljeno slovensko društvo Hospic, ki deluje z izključnim namenom nudenja oskrbe težko bolnim oz. umirajočim ljudem ter moralno oporo njihovim svojcem. V diplomski nalogi je ugotovljeno, da se slovenska zakonodaja pokriva s francosko zakonodajo t.j. zakonodajo države, kjer se je zadeva odvijala, glede varstva pravic neozdravljivo bolnih ali umirajočih bolnikov, in da je le-to urejeno v skladu z standardi ustreznega varstva pacientovih pravic. Human life can be illustrated with a time line limited by a beginning and an end. The beginning is represented by birth, the end by death. Just like birth, death is a biological process that affects every person, some earlier than others. The advancement in medicine, particuarly in intensive care, enabled the boundary between life and death to shift towards life and postpone death for a limited amount of time. In life, however, there are some cases where the postponement of death is meaningless or does not benefit the individual. Death can sometimes be considered a better option for patients, especially in situations where their disease has reached such a stage, they no longer benefit from intensive care, or in cases of permanently vegetative patients. This topic will be discussed in my thesis, which consists of three sections. In the first section I will be presenting the case of Lambert and Others against France, which faced the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), and whose decision made by the Grand Chamber aroused the European and thus the Slovenian public in terms of the protection of patients' rights. The ECHR affirmed the judgment of the French State Council (Conseil d'État) and ruled that France would not violate Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights by disconnecting the probe, consequently terminating Lambert's artificial feeding and hydration, which would lead to his gradual death. In the second section I will be writing about the Slovenian legistrator's view on the given court case and present how the protection of the rights of terminally ill patients is guaranteed in Slovenia. It follows the argument that euthanasia, which in criminal law is treated as murder and assisted suicide, is absolutely prohibited. Life, as a fundamental human right, is protected not only by the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia and by international acts, but also by numerous laws, where the Patients' Rights Act has a special role since the year 2008. The given area was further deepened and defined by the Ethical Recommendations for deciding on the treatment and palliative care of terminally ill patients in intensive care, by separating euthanasia as an artificially caused death done out of mercy for the dying patients or the terminally ill, from witholding and withdrawing treatment in intensive care for patients whom such treatment represents only a great burden and suffering. Namely, in such a case, the patient needs to be involved in the process of palliative care, where he or she is relieved of suffering and prepared for the final journey – death. In the third and last section of my thesis I will be presenting the Slovene society Hospic, which operates with the sole purpose of providing care to those who are severely or terminally ill and supplys moral support for their relatives. Whithin my thesis I found out that the Slovenian legislation equals the French legislation, i.e. the law of the country in which the case about the protection of the rights of terminally ill people took place and that it is regulated in accordance to the standards of adequate protection of patients' rights. zadeva Lambert in ostali proti Franciji evtanazija paliativna oskrba smrt odtegnitev ali opustitev zdravljenja The case of Lambert and Others against France euthanasia palliative care death withdrawing or witholding treatment true true false [M. Galić] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Diplomsko delo/naloga 2017-09-24 09:55:57 2017-10-30 11:14:48 2022-08-01 15:38:38 2019-07-11 16:55:12 2017 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 342.7:179.7(043.2) 5473323 URN:SI:UM:DK:VCNI607P UN_Galic_Matej_2017.pdf UN_Galic_Matej_2017.pdf 1 21FD7906E199B857CDC90E8C4CF34CD4 b168965fa697f00603bdd9beaf3cbc528916f5b643f602944937bb9d4bc4a810 581da909-7c0f-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/edd337be-0a70-4f0e-a0f5-fc1814eba936 https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=118786 Pravna fakulteta 0 0 0