20.500.12556/DKUM-69495 Končna polja Finite fields Tema magistrskega dela je pojem, s katerim se srečujemo v algebri, to so končna polja. V delu najprej predstavimo osnovne definicije in lastnosti grup ter kolobarjev, ki jih potrebujemo za lažje razumevanje končnih polj, nato pa bolj podrobno obravnavamo polja. Polje je komutativen kolobar z enoto 1≠0, kjer so vsi neničelni elementi obrnljivi. Vemo, da je vsako polje cel kolobar, za katerega pa velja, da ima karakteristiko enako 0 ali p, kjer je p praštevilo. Razširitev K polja F je končna, če je polje K, ki ga obravnavamo kot vektorski prostor nad poljem F, končno razsežen. Če ima končno polje F q elementov in je K končna razširitev polja F, potem ima K q^n elementov, kjer je n=[K:F]. Če je K razširitev polja F in f(x)∈F[x] nekonstanten polinom, ki razpade v polju K in ne razpade v nobenem pravem podpolju polja K, K imenujemo razpadno polje polinoma f(x) nad F. Dokažemo, da sta poljubni dve polji, ki imata končno število elementov in sta razpadni polji polinoma f(x)=x^(p^n)-x nad ℤ_p, izomorfni. Iz teh trditev sledi karakterizacija končnih polj, ki pove, da za poljubno praštevilo p in poljuben n∈N obstaja do izomorfizma natančno enolično določeno končno polje s p^n elementi. Na koncu podamo enega izmed temeljnih izrekov, predstavljenih v magistrskem delu, to je Wedderburnov izrek. Izrek pove, da je vsak končen obseg polje. The topic, presented in this Master's thesis, are structures in the field of algebra - finite fields. We first introduce basic definitions and ring and group features to facilitate the understanding of finite fields. After that we discuss the fields. A field is a commutative ring with the unit 1≠0, where every nonzero element is inversible. Every field is an integral domain, which's characteristic is either 0 or p, where p is a prime number. The K extension of the field F is finite, if a field K, that we consider as a vector space over the field F, is finite dimensional. If the finite field F has q elements and K is the finite extension of the field F, than K has q^n elements, where n =[K:F]. If K is the extension of the field F and f(x)∈F[x] is a nonconstant polynomial, that splits in the field K and doesn't split in none of the proper subfields of field K, than K is the splitting field of the polynomial f(x) over F. We prove, that any two fields with finite number of elements that are also splitting fields of the polynomial f(x)=x^(p^n)-x over ℤ_p, are isomorphic. Complying with those claims the characterization of the finite fields follows, which states, that for any prime number p and any positive integer n, there is, up to isomorphism, a unique finite field of p^n elements. In the end we discuss one of the basic theorems in this thesis, the Wedderburn's theorem, which states that every finite division ring is a field. Karakteristika polja karakteristika kolobarja klasifikacija končnih polj razširitev polja faktorski kolobar polje končno polje ideal cel kolobar maksimalni ideal in praideal kolobar polinomov homomorfizem kolobarjev razpadno polje vektorski prostor Wedderburnov izrek ničle polinoma. Characteristic of a field characteristic of a ring classification of finite field extension field factor ring field finite field ideal ideal domain maximal ideal and prime ideal polynomial ring ring homomorphism splitting field vector space Wedderburn's theorem zeros of polynomial. true true false [A. Vok] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2018-01-30 10:00:32 2018-06-11 15:40:14 2022-08-01 17:32:12 2019-07-11 17:34:25 2018 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 512.624(043.2) 23867912 URN:SI:UM:DK:UNQVXUYG MAG_Vok_Alenka_2018.pdf MAG_Vok_Alenka_2018.pdf 1 E4AD3D5DD7AFA113559F378176C2A92A 073913b8e74ba2e8eb81dc56b0767e08343c98d0b38502827a6a4a06ade1405f a0c38431-7c0f-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/aba28ab0-65d4-45d2-aadb-fead0b4b45ab https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=121618 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0