20.500.12556/DKUM-69860 Primerjava ekofizioloških odzivov enoletnih in dvoletnih rastlin česnovke Comparison of ecophysiological responses between annual and biennial plants of garlic mustard Vrsta Alliaria petiolata velja za najprepoznavnejšo invazivko gozdov vzhodne Amerike in južne Kanade, kamor se je razširila iz Evrazije. Alliaria petiolata je dvoletnica, za katere je značilno obdobje t.i. enoletne regeneracije. Takrat rastlina izoblikuje bazalno rozeto, ki mora preživeti do prihodnje vegetacijske sezone, v kateri rastlina oblikuje visoke cvetoče poganjke, ki plodijo, rastlina pa s koncem sezone propade. Zaradi razlik v pojavnosti in življenjskem ciklu obeh tipov rastlin, sem pričakovala funkcionalne razlike v med listi. V nalogi sem na terenu proučevala ekofiziološke razlike med listi prvoletne rozete in listi drugoletne cvetoče rastline ter razlike v potencialni alelopatski uspešnosti obeh tipov. Primerjala sem količino klorofila v listu, ocenjeno kod vrednost SPAD, fluorescenco klorofila in prevodnost listnih rež. Pri tem sem spremljala tudi abiotske dejavnike. Ker je za vrsto A. petiolata značilno alelopatsko delovanje, sem s pomočjo biološkega kalitvenega testa (Lepidium test) v laboratoriju potrdila, da je A. petiolata alelopatsko učinkovita. Preverila sem vodne ekstrakte ter hlapljive substance, pri čemer so me zanimale razlike v delovanju alelopatskih učinkovin na kalitev semen in rast kalic testne rastline. Raziskava je bila omejena na spomladanski čas v mesecu maju leta 2017, ko rastline cvetijo, a še ne tvorijo plodov. Terensko delo je zajemalo tri lokacije v Mariboru: Koblarjev zaliv, Mariborski otok in obgozdni rob za trgovinskim centrom v okolici fakultete. Z izvedenimi meritvami sem potrdila, da so rozete v primerjavi s cvetočimi rastlinami fotosintetsko aktivnejše. Tako je v prvem letu življenjskega cikla vrste A. petiolata povečana količina klorofila in prevodnost listnih rež. Prav tako imajo listi prvoletne rozete višjo alelopatsko učinkovitost v primerjavi z učinkovanjem listov cvetoče rastline, kar se je izkazalo tako za hlapljive snovi kot za vodni ekstrakt listov. Razloge za večjo učinkovitost rastlin v prvem letu lahko najdemo v ekološki strategiji vrste, ki mora preživeti prvo leto in nakopičiti dovolj energije, da v drugem letu hitro zraste, zacveti in razvije semena ter tako nadaljuje generacije in ohranja vrsto. The species Alliaria petiolata, native in Eurasia, is considered the most recognizable invasive plant in the forests of eastern America and southern Canada. The species is a biennial plant. In the first year the plant forms a basal rosette, which must survive until the next vegetation season, when the plant forms high, flowering shoots. Because of differences in the functional ecology of both plant types I expected differences in leaves of the first-year rosette and of the second-year flowering plant. I studied the eco-physiological characteristics in the field by measuring the amount of chlorophyll in the leaf (SPAD value), chlorophyll fluorescence and stomata conductivity. I was also monitoring abiotic factors. Since allelopathic activity is reported for A. petiolata, I have screened aqueous extracts and volatile substances with the use of laboratory bioassays (Lepidium test), whereby I distinguished between the leaves of the rosette and the flowering plant. The research in the field was performed in the spring time in May, 2017, when the plants not yet produce fruits, in three locations in Maribor: Koblarjev zaliv, Mariborski otok and the edge of the shopping center in the vicinity of the faculty. It has been confirmed that leaves from the first-year rosettes are more photosynthetically active, compared to the flowering plants. Additionally, in the leaves of the first year plants the amount of chlorophyll and the stomata conductivity was higher and they demonstrated a stronger allelopathic potential of aqueous extract and volatile substances, compared to the leaves of the flowering plant. The reasons for the higher photochemical efficiency and stronger allelopathy can be explained by the ecological strategy of the species: plants have to survive the overwintering and at the same time they have to accumulate enough energy in the first year to have the ability to grow rapidly and produce seeds in the next year in order preserve the population locally. Alliaria petiolata alelopatija dvoletnice Lepidium test ekofiziologija funkcionalna ekologija Alliaria petiolata Allelopathy biennial Lepidium test ecophysiology functional ecology true true false [K. Šerc] Slovenski jezik Angleški jezik Magistrsko delo/naloga 2018-03-06 18:31:56 2019-01-08 15:20:53 2022-08-01 18:15:15 2019-07-11 17:47:00 2018 0 Maribor 0 0000-00-00 NiDoloceno NiDoloceno NiDoloceno 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 581.524.13:582.683.2(043.2) 24266248 URN:SI:UM:DK:BAHAOMFX MAG_Serc_Katarina_2018.pdf MAG_Serc_Katarina_2018.pdf 1 35AA2BE5089AAECDBB58040808226A9F c368fdc68a39c441d0ead883dc57011735bb6f8bd382c588a6e68bcb9b9f8b5c 8a3633e7-7c10-11eb-bb7a-00155d0001ca 20.500.12556/dkum/14dd999a-6acd-48ec-82d7-087614101dee https://dk.um.si/Dokument.php?lang=slv&id=131851 Fakulteta za naravoslovje in matematiko 0 0 0